金代翰林学士院制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 08:32

  本文选题：金代 + 翰林学士院　； 参考：《武汉大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：金代的翰林学士院是女真统治者借鉴辽宋之制建立起来的重要制度,是金朝汉化政治制度的重要组成部分。金代翰林学士院虽然对辽宋之制多有吸收,但女真统治者对该制度进行的改造也非常明显,这使得金代的翰林学士院呈现出许多不同于前代的面貌,显示出女真人对汉制的灵活选择。女真统治者对翰林学士院制度的理解和唐宋两朝有明显的差别,对于女真统治者而言,翰林学士院主要是一个负责朝廷草词职能的文翰机构,而非统治者的中枢顾问机构。 在女真统治之下,翰林官员因为民族身份不同在参与政治的领域与方式上有明显的差异。女真族翰林官员群体作为女真人文化上的精英,他们不仅仕至宰执的比例相当可观,而且对金代的军事事务多有参与,明显显示出亦文亦武的特点。而汉族翰林官员仕至宰执者寥寥可数,一些汉族翰林官员长期沉抑翰苑,对朝廷政治的影响非常有限。这表明金朝的统治政策对不同民族翰林官员的仕进、参与政治的领域和方式有着显著的影响。 与唐宋时期学士院文学与政治并重的状况相比,金代翰林学士院对朝廷政治决策的影响已经显著削弱,该机构的文翰职能则大大凸显,这是金代翰林学士院在政治上的总体发展趋势。金朝统治者认为翰林学士院是“文雅之职”,金章宗将学士院仅仅作为文学侍从官的储备机构,以满足自身的文学兴趣,但对翰林官员参与朝廷政治的态度则是相当消极的。女真统治者将修史等任务长期交予学士院负责,金朝后期修史成为翰林学士院重要的职能,并已经形成翰林官员兼修史之职的惯例,金代翰林学士院的这一职能变化对后世翰林制度产生了明显影响,元代学士院和国史院合一,即是继承并发展了金代学士院的这一趋势。金末益政院的设立,则从制度层面上表明翰林学士院的中枢顾问职能已经消失殆尽,学士院与皇权的距离明显疏远。金代的翰林学士院已经明显出现文翰职能突出、政治顾问职能削弱的发展趋势,后世翰林制度的变迁,受到了金代翰林制度这一变化趋势的影响。 金朝中后期女真族翰林官员完颜匡和汉族翰林官员赵秉文在仕宦与政治活动方面表现出较明显的差异,是女真族和汉族翰林官员两个群体政治际遇差别的具体个案,体现了民族政策对两个翰林官员群体的不同影响。
[Abstract]:The Imperial Academy of Hanlin in the Jin Dynasty was an important system established by the rulers of Nu Zhen for reference from the Liao and Song dynasties, and an important part of the political system of Han Dynasty in the Jin Dynasty. Although the Imperial Academy of Hanlin in the Jin Dynasty absorbed the system of Liao and Song dynasties, the transformation of the system by the rulers of Nuren was also very obvious, which made the Academy of Hanlin Bachelor of the Jin Dynasty take on many different features from the previous dynasties. It shows the flexible choice of the real woman to the Chinese system. There were obvious differences between the understanding of Han Lin and the Tang and Song dynasties by the rulers of Nuren. For the rulers of Nuren, the academy was mainly an institution responsible for the functions of the imperial court, but not the central advisory body of the rulers. Under the rule of Nu Zhen, Hanlin officials had obvious differences in the fields and ways of participating in politics because of their national identity. As the elite of the female real person culture, the female Hanlin official group not only has a considerable proportion of official to slaughter, but also has much participation in military affairs of Jin Dynasty, which clearly shows the characteristics of the language as well as the martial arts. Han Han Hanlin officials to slaughter the few officials, some Han Han Hanlin officials for a long time Shen Han Yuan, the influence on the court politics is very limited. This indicates that the ruling policy of the Jin Dynasty has a significant influence on the political field and the way of political participation of Hanlin officials of different nationalities. Compared with the literature and politics in Tang and Song dynasties, the influence of Hanlin Bachelor's College in Jin Dynasty on the political decision of the court has been weakened significantly, and the function of this institution has been greatly highlighted. This is the general political development trend of Hanlin Bachelor's College in Jin Dynasty. The rulers of the Jin Dynasty regarded the Hanlin College as a "gentle and elegant position", and Jin Zhangzong regarded the Academy as a reserve institution for literary attendants to satisfy his own literary interest, but his attitude towards the participation of Hanlin officials in court politics was quite negative. For a long time, the ruler of Nuzhen entrusted the task of history revision to the Bachelor's College. In the late Jin Dynasty, the history revision became an important function of the Academy of Hanlin Bachelor's degree, and it had formed the practice of both the official and the official of the Han Dynasty. The function change of Han Lin Bachelor's College in Jin Dynasty had an obvious influence on the later Han Lin's system. The integration of Yuan Dynasty Bachelor's College and National History Institute was the inheritance and development of Jin Dynasty's Bachelor's College. On the other hand, the establishment of the Jin Dynasty Yi Zheng Yuan showed that the central advisory function of Hanlin Bachelor's College had disappeared, and the distance between the College and the imperial power was obviously estranged. The Han Lin Bachelor's College of Jin Dynasty has obviously appeared the development trend of the prominent function of Wen Han, the weakening of political advisory function, and the change of the system of Hanlin in later generations, which is influenced by the changing trend of the system of Han Lin in Jin Dynasty. In the middle and late Jin dynasties, Yan Kuang, a female Hanlin official, and Zhao Bingwen, a Han Hanlin official, showed more obvious differences in official and political activities. This is a specific case of the difference between the political fate of the two groups. It reflects the different influence of national policy on the two groups of Hanlin officials.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：K246.4
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本文编号：1946019