东汉人口问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 02:29

本文选题：东汉 + 人口　；参考：《郑州大学》2003年博士论文

【摘要】： 本文对东汉的人口问题进行了系统研究。内容涉及东汉人口数量的发展状况、东汉人口分布、东汉人口迁移、东汉人口的统计与管理、东汉人口政策、东汉人口姓氏分布、东汉民族人口、东汉生态环境与人口等八个方面。通过深入研究，本文得出了一些新的结论。第一，《续汉书·郡国志》及注中有关东汉人口总数的记载基本是可信的。以前造成大家认为东汉户口不可靠的原因，有的是史书传抄中的错误造成的，有的是后世学者的误解造成的，有的是后人不了解当时的实际情况造成的，有的则可能是当时统计有误造成的。东汉人口的发展可分为四个阶段，即两汉之际人口的锐减阶段；东汉前期人口的恢复和增长阶段；东汉中期人口的停滞与波动阶段；东汉后期的人口锐减阶段。东汉人口数量的发展变化受羌人大起义等社会因素影响，呈现出不稳定性的特点。第二，《续汉书·郡国志》一些郡国的户口记载有误，需要订正。东汉时期全国人口最多的省份依次是河南、山东、河北、四川、安徽、湖南、云南、江苏、湖北、江西等省。东汉人口分布的重心仍在黄河流域，但长江流域的人口迅速增长，长江流域人口的比重却不断提高。第三，东汉人口的迁移在不同的时期呈现出不同的特征，但大规模的人口迁移主要发生在两汉之际和东汉末年，是由战乱因素引起的。大规模人口迁移的流向主要是从黄河流域迁徙到长江流域。第四，刘秀“度田”是成功了，而不是失败了。东汉时期的户口统计制度是得到认真执行了的，那种认为东汉户口统计不可靠、东汉社会存在着大量隐漏人口的观点是错误的、没有根据的；依附农民、宾客的户籍仍被国家掌握，国家并不承认豪强地主对依附民的占有关系；五属外的宗室著籍於当地，已经是国家的编户齐民了；王侯的子孙多著籍於封地；东汉官吏并没有特殊的户籍，东汉官吏不管在何处做官，户籍基本没有变动，仍在原籍。第五，东汉时期实行鼓励生育的人口增殖政策、尊奉高年的养老政策、以及对宗室、三老、孝、悌、力田、鳏寡孤独等特殊人群优恤的人口政策。这些人口政策体现了对不同人群的关怀与优抚。第六，东汉人口姓氏的分布呈现出不同的地域特征，而且越是经济发达的地区，人口姓氏分布数量就多。东汉时期，各地都有一些势力不等的大姓豪族分布。第七，东汉时期少数民族人口的数量和分布，都有各自的特点。东汉中后期，匈奴族的人口约有70万左右，东汉时期匈奴族不断南移;东汉时期西羌的人口约有100万左右，东羌人口约有30万，东汉时期羌族主要分布在西北诸郡，但有不断东移的趋向;氏族主要分布在武都郡，人口约有30万;东汉时西域各族人口的数量变化比较大;东汉后期乌桓人口约有20多万，鲜卑人口约有80万，夫余人口约有30多万，艳娄人口约有10万，高句丽人口约有巧万等。第八，东汉时期各地不同的气候、水利等自然生态条件，对人口的分布有较大影响。东汉时期，，气候由西汉的暖湿变为干冷，与此相对应，东汉时期江南地区出现了中原人南下的移民浪潮，而且出现了北方游牧民族南迁的情况;东汉时期，凡是水利便利、农业发达的地区，也同时是人口数量较多、人口密度较高的地区，如南阳郡、汝南郡就是如此;东汉时期黄河的治理，也影响了黄河中下游地区的人口分布;各地不同的生态环境对人们的习俗、生产方式、生活方式产生了不同影响。
[Abstract]:This paper makes a systematic study on the population problem of the Eastern Han Dynasty, including the development of the population in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the population distribution in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the migration of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the statistics and management of the Eastern Han population, the population policy of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the distribution of the family name of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the ethnic population of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the environment and population of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Through in-depth study, this paper draws some new conclusions. First, the records of the total population of the Eastern Han Dynasty are basically credible. The reasons for the unreliable accounts of the Eastern Han Dynasty, some of which were caused by the misunderstandings of the history books, some of the later scholars' misunderstandings, and some of the later generations. To understand the actual situation at that time, some may be caused by the mistake of statistics at that time. The development of the Eastern Han population can be divided into four stages, that is, the sharp decline stage of the population at the time of the Han Dynasty, the recovery and growth stage of the population in the early Eastern Han Dynasty, the stagnation and fluctuation stage of the population in the Middle Eastern Han Dynasty, the sharp decline stage of the population in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. The development and change of the number of mouth is affected by social factors such as the Qiang people's Congress uprising and so on.
Second, the accounts of the continued Han books and counties are mistaken and need to be corrected. The provinces with the largest population in the Eastern Han Dynasty are Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Sichuan, Anhui, Hunan, Yunnan, Jiangsu, Hubei, Jiangxi. The center of population distribution in the East Han Dynasty is still in the the Yellow River River Basin, but the population of the Yangtze River Basin is growing rapidly, the people of the Yangtze River Basin are growing rapidly, people of the Changjiang River Basin The proportion of the mouth is increasing.
Third, the migration of the Eastern Han population showed different characteristics in different periods, but the large-scale migration of population mainly occurred at the time of the Han Dynasty and the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which was caused by the factors of war. The flow of large population migration mainly migrated from the the Yellow River basin to the Yangtze River Basin.
Fourth, Liu Xiu's "Du Tian" was a success, not a failure. The household census system in the Eastern Han Dynasty was seriously carried out. The view that the Eastern Han Dynasty registered permanent residence statistics is not reliable, the Eastern Han Dynasty society has a large number of hidden missing people's view is wrong, no basis; attached to the farmers, guests' household registration is still mastered by the state, the state does not bear. Recognizing the possessive relationship between the powerful landlords and the dependent people; the five generals are native to the local, and are already the family members of the state; the descendants of the princes are mostly in the seal; the Eastern Han officials have no special household registration, the Eastern Han officials no matter where they do the official, the household registration is basically unchanged, still in their native place.
Fifth, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the policy of encouraging the reproduction of the population in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the high year pension policy, and the population policy of the special crowds of special groups such as the clan, the three old, the filial piety, the titi, the widower and the widowhood and the lonely and so on. These population policies reflect the care and the preferential treatment to the different groups of people.
Sixth, the distribution of surnames in the Eastern Han Dynasty shows different regional characteristics, and the more developed areas are.
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a distribution of powerful families with different powers.
Seventh, the quantity and distribution of ethnic minorities in Eastern Han Dynasty have their own characteristics. In the late East Hanzhoung,
The population of the Xiongnu nationality is about 700 thousand, and the Hun people moved south in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
About 1 million, the eastern Qiang population is about 300 thousand. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Qiang people were mainly distributed in the northwest counties.
There is a trend of eastward migration; the clans are mainly distributed in Wudu County, with a population of about 300 thousand; in the Eastern Han Dynasty, all ethnic groups in the western region were in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
The population change is relatively large. In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the population of Wuhuan is about about 200000, and the population of Xianbei is about 800 thousand.
The population of Fu Yu is about about 300000, the population of Yan Lou is about 100 thousand, and the population of KOH is about 10 million.
Eighth, during the Eastern Han Dynasty, the distribution of population in different climate, water conservancy and other natural ecological conditions was more obvious.
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the climate changed from warm and humid to dry and cold in the Western Han Dynasty, which corresponded to that in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
There was a wave of migration from the Central Plains to the south, and the southern nomadic people moved southward.
At the same time, all areas with convenient agriculture and developed agriculture are also large population and high population density.
The area is like Nanyang county and Ru'nan county. The governance of the Yellow River in the Eastern Han Dynasty also affected the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.
The distribution of population in different regions; the different ecological environment in different places produces people's customs, modes of production and lifestyles.
Different effects.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：K234.2

【引证文献】