佛教与阴阳灾异:武则天明堂大火背后的信仰及政争

发布时间：2018-06-09 04:34

本文选题：明堂 + 火灾　；参考：《人文杂志》2013年12期

【摘要】：作为外来的宗教和知识体系,佛教对自然现象的解释,给中古中国的政治宣传带来了极大的改变。证圣元年武则天明堂发生大火。在本土阴阳灾异传统中,火灾往往被认为是上天示警,是以下凌上的表现,预示着对君主权威的挑战,进而引申为革命之事。而且从董仲舒开始就非常流行的火灾是"极阴生阳"的观念,对武则天以女身称帝也造成极大的政治压力。明堂大火之后,武则天集团运用灾异祥瑞化的处理方式,将其描述为周朝火德体现;而且又避免将其描述为"天火为灾",而强调是"人火为火",淡化天人感应理论对武则天符命的质疑;除此之外,还有大臣引用弥勒下生信仰将大火描述为弥勒成佛的必经程序。但是,所有这一切都无法化解明堂大火带来的巨大震动,大火之后,武则天开始部分地放弃弥勒下生信仰,转而向本土主义倾斜,回归中华传统。
[Abstract]:As a foreign religion and knowledge system, Buddhism's interpretation of natural phenomena has brought great changes to the political propaganda in Middle China. A fire broke out in the Ming Tong of Wu Zetian in the first year of the testimony. In the different tradition of local Yin and Yang disasters, fire is often regarded as a warning of heaven, a manifestation of the following bullying, indicating a challenge to the authority of the monarch, and then a revolutionary event. Moreover, fire, which has been very popular since Dong Zhongshu, is the concept of "extremely Yin and Yang", which also causes great political pressure on Wu Zetian to become emperor by female. After the Ming-tang fire, Wu Zetian Group used the way to deal with the disaster, described it as the embodiment of the Zhou Dynasty fire. It also avoids describing it as "fire is disaster", but emphasizes "fire as fire", downplaying the question of Wu Zetian charms from the theory of natural and human induction. In addition, there is also a process by which ministers cite Maitreya's belief to describe the fire as a Buddha of Maitreya. But none of this can resolve the shock caused by the Ming Tang fire, after which Wu Zetian began partially abandoning Maitreya's faith and tilting towards nativism and returning to Chinese tradition.
【作者单位】：复旦大学文史学院;
【基金】：复旦大学“985工程”三期人文学科整体推进重大项目“中古中国的知识、信仰与制度的整合研究” 2012年国家社科青年基金项目(项目号:12CZS020) 教育部青年基金项目(项目号:12YJC77005)“纬学思想与隋唐时期的政治合法性研究”的阶段性成果
【分类号】：B948;K242

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