《荆公新学初探》

发布时间：2018-06-16 02:18

本文选题：1、荆公新学 + 2、荆公学述　；参考：《河北大学》2001年博士论文

【摘要】： 两宋时期，王安石所创立的新学学派不仅在理论上自成体系，而且在哲学、经学等诸多方面有着精深的造诣。这一学派达到了北宋时期学术发展的最高水平，并且新学挟皇权雷霆万钧之力，统治北宋思想界达六十年之久，它对北宋之后的学术思想的发展有着广泛而深刻的影响。但遗憾的是南宋以来的封建士大夫多对其随意加以歪曲乃至诋毁，并未给其以应有的学术地位。直至当代，邓广铭先生在《王安石在北宋儒家学派中的地位》一文中，指出：“从其对儒家学说的贡献及其对北宋后期的影响来说，王安石应为北宋儒家学者中高踞首位的人物。”从而恢复了王安石在北宋学术界应有的领袖地位。本师漆侠先生在《王安石的哲学思想》与《荆公学派与辩证法哲学》等文章中，对王安石的哲学思想作了较为系统的阐述和全新的探索。本文在邓先生与漆先生所指示的学术路径上，对荆公新学的创立与发展、学术渊源、贡献及特点、衰落的原因及其对后世的影响，作了初步的探索。不当之处，尚祈方家指教。全文共分五章。第一章，荆公新学的创立与发展——从政治、经济、文化诸方面交待了新学产生的社会历史背景，并将新学在王安石在世期间分为创立与发展两个时期：创立期---庆历二年王安石进士及第到治平年间讲学江宁，以《淮南杂说》、《洪范传》的刊行为标志；发展期---分为两个阶段，第一个阶段为熙宁二年王安石任参知政事到熙宁九年再次罢相，以《三经新义》的刊行为标志；第二个阶段为熙宁九年再次罢相到元yP元年荆公去世，以《字说》的刊行为标志。第二章，荆公学述及其学术渊源——从“有体有用”的天道观、“新故相除”的辩证法、“以思为主” 的认识论、“性情一也”的人性论、“天变不足畏” 的无神论、“权时之变” 的社会历史观等方面探讨荆公新学的主要内容；并从以儒为本、援佛人儒、援道人儒、援法人儒、援诸子百家以人儒等方面探讨新学的学术渊源。第三章，荆公新学的特点、贡献及其历史地位一本文将荆公新学的特点概括为经世致用、开拓创新；关于荆公新学的贡献及其历史地位，拙作概括为：一、在经学众说纷坛。莫衷一是的背景下，使经学归于一统；二、起道德性命之学于汉唐之衰；三、弘扬了经学的义理传统，但又不废训佑。第四章，新学与洛学的对立与分歧一新学与洛学的对立与分歧体现在经学领域、政治思想领域以及对待佛道的态度等三个方面。在经学领域，王安石以《周礼》为变法的理论依据，撰写《周礼义》以指导变法；二程通过否定《周礼义》来否定新法。对于《孟子》的义利观的理解，二程认为《孟子》要义不要利；王安石则认为《盂子》反对谋求个人利益和小集团利益，而对于“民之所利” 并不反对。在对待佛道的态度上，王安石以儒为本，援佛人儒，援道人儒；而二程为了与新学争儒学的正统地位，虽曾暗中汲引佛道的某些观点为其所用，但表面上并不承认这一点，而且从根本上说是反佛道的。在变法的途径上，王安石奉行义利统一论，并用以指导变法实践，主张从理财人手，改变宋朝积贫积弱的局面；而二程主张要义不要利，并惰守传统儒家从修身到治国的理路，主张从“格君心之非” 来革除弊政。在变法的目的上，王安石主张以理财为手段，以解决国家政治危机为目的；而二程以“正心”为手段，，企图重塑封建伦理纲常。第五章，荆公新学的衰落及其影响一从南宋初年的政治、经济、学术等方面探讨了新学衰落的历史背景，从新学自身的不足如自相矛盾、牵强附会、后继乏人、官学地位等探讨了新学衰落的内在原因。关于荆公新学对当时及后世的 2 、3 影响，拙作概括为：一、开宋儒义理之学之先河；二、起道德性命之学于汉唐之衰；三、规定了洛学的发展方向一重内圣，轻外王；四、在重性命道德之学与以儒为本、融会佛道方面，给苏氏蜀学以重要影响。
[Abstract]:In the two Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi's new school of thought not only made itself in theory.
It has profound knowledge in many aspects such as philosophy, classics and so on.
The school reached the highest level of academic development in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the new learning took imperial power.
The power of thunder has dominated the Northern Song Dynasty for sixty years.
The development of later academic thought has a wide and profound influence. Unfortunately, it is the south.
Since the Song Dynasty, feudal officialdom has distorted and even defended it arbitrarily.
With its due academic status, until now, Mr. Deng Guangming is in Wang Anshi.
In the text of the position of the Confucian school in the Northern Song Dynasty, it is pointed out: "from the Confucian school"
Contribution and its impact on the late Northern Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi should be a Confucian scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Wang Anshi, who occupies the first place in the Northern Song Dynasty, restores what he deserves in the academic circles of Northern Song Dynasty.
Leadership. Mr. Qi Xia, the teacher, is in Wang Anshi's philosophy and Jing Gong.
In the articles such as school and dialectics philosophy, Wang Anshi's philosophy is compared.
For a systematic exposition and a new exploration.
In this paper, Mr. Deng and Mr. lacquer directed the academic path to Jing Gongxin.
The founding and development of science, its academic origins, contributions and characteristics, and the reasons for its decline.
A preliminary exploration of the influence of later generations is made.
The full text is divided into five chapters.
Chapter one, the founding and development of Jinggong's new learning: from politics, economy, and culture.
In all aspects, we have dealt with the social and historical background of the new learning, and have studied the new learning in Wang An.
Shi is divided into two periods of creation and development: the founding period - Qingli two.
In the year of, Wang Anshi and Shi Zhi taught Jiangning during the period of Zhiping.
There are two stages in the development of "Hong Fan Chuan".
In the two year of Wang Anshi, he took part in the political affairs of Xining and went to Xinning nine years again.
The second is the < < three > >; another is the second phase.
In the first year of yuan yP, Jing Gong passed away, marking the publication of the book of characters.
The second chapter, Jinggong's academic study and its academic origin -- from "useful and useful".
The dialectics of "heaven and earth", "the new cause and the division", the epistemology of "thinking primarily", "sex"
The theory of human nature of "Yi Yi Yi", the atheism of "changing the sky is not enough," and "the change of power and time".
The main contents of Jinggong's new learning are discussed from the perspectives of social history and so on.
Ben, a Buddhist who helped Confucianism and Taoism, helped Confucianism and Confucianism, and helped all kinds of scholars and scholars.
The academic origin of new studies is discussed.
The third chapter is about the characteristics, contributions and historical status of Jinggong's new learning.
The characteristics of Jinggong's new learning are summed up as practical and innovative; about Jing Gongxin.
The contributions of learning and their historical status are summarized as follows: 1.
In the context of unagreement, the Confucian school is unified; two, moral life.
In the Han and Tang Dynasties, the decline; three, carry forward the Confucian tradition of righteousness, but do not waste training.
The fourth chapter is the opposition and divergence between new learning and Luo studies.
Standing and differences are reflected in the realm of Confucian classics, political ideology, and Buddhism and Taoism.
Three aspects, such as degree. In the field of Confucian classics, Wang Anshi used Zhou Li as the rationale of reform.
On the basis of this, we wrote Zhou Li Yi to guide the reform; second Cheng passed the negation of Zhou Li.
To deny the new law.
"Mencius" is not a good thing; Wang Anshi thinks that "jade" is against seeking personal gain.
The interests of Yihe group are not opposed to the "benefit of the people".
In the way of Taoism, Wang Anshi took Confucianism as the foundation, helped Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism, and two
Cheng contends for the orthodox position of Confucianism in the light of new learning, though he has secretly drawn some of Buddhism and Taoism.
The idea is for its use, but it does not admit it on the surface, and fundamentally speaking.
In the way of political reform, Wang Anshi pursued the theory of justice and benefit unification.
In order to guide the practice of reform, it is advocated to change the poor and weak in Song Dynasty.
In the second place, the second Cheng advocated the idea of "no benefit" and "laziness" from traditional Confucianism to self-cultivation.
The path of the State advocates the abolishment of evil policies from the "right of the king".
Wang Anshi advocated financial management as a means to solve the national political crisis.
And "Cheng Xin" as the means to rebuild the outline of feudal ethics.
The fifth chapter, the decline and influence of Jinggong's new learning: from the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty.
The historical background of the decline of new learning is discussed from the perspectives of governance, economy and scholarship.
Their own shortcomings, such as self contradictory, farfetched, lack of successors, official status, etc.
This paper probes into the internal causes of the decline of new learning.
Two
3
The influence is summarized as follows: first, the beginning of the study of Confucianism and Confucianism; two.
The study of virtue is the decline of Han and Tang Dynasties. Three, the development direction of Luo studies is stipulated.
The inner saint is less than the outer king; four, the moral education of life and Confucianism is the foundation.
In the way of Tao, the study of Shu's Shu was greatly influenced.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2001
【分类号】：K244

【引证文献】