儒学与汉代人际关系

发布时间：2018-06-26 01:00

本文选题：儒学 + 汉代　；参考：《青海师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 儒学文化中蕴含着相当丰富的思想内容,其中包含了以“仁爱”为核心的关于人际关系的思想观念,该思想观在中国两千多年的封建时代,曾经对整个社会起了维系作用。汉代独尊儒术,儒学对汉代人际关系产生了深刻的影响。本文共分为三大部分,第一部分介绍了儒学与宗族内的人际关系。汉代的宗族内人际关系可分为宗族关系和家庭人际关系,在儒家文化熏陶下的宗族制度,在维护社会稳定,延续传统文明,抵御自然灾害及解决族人在生活中遇到的生老病死等问题方面,发挥了重要作用。而家庭人际关系又包括父子关系、夫妻关系和兄弟关系。先秦儒学提出父慈子孝、夫义妻顺、兄友弟敬的的关系,在汉儒董仲舒提出“君为臣纲,父为子纲,夫为妻纲”的“三纲”说并为《白虎通义》确定为官方思想的背景影响下,逐渐转化为父权、夫权、兄权的片面绝对化。第二部分介绍了政治人际关系。在政治关系上,先秦儒学提出“君使臣以礼,臣事君以忠”的关系,但在“君为臣纲”的要求下,扭曲了君臣之间的对应关系,使君臣关系走向绝对不平等的深渊。举主(长官)和故吏(属吏)之间具有很强的人身依附性,本质上是一种政治上的从属关系。第三部分介绍了一般社会人际关系。朋友关系是人们在社会交往中的一种普遍人际关系。儒家非常重视朋友关系,受其影响主要表现在诚信、志同道合、礼让互谅、不论贫富贵贱、谏诤等方面。师生关系是汉代重要的人际关系之一。受先秦儒学的影响,汉代老师关怀爱护学生,学生尊重敬爱老师的事迹真挚感人,留下了许多佳话,至今仍被传颂,但是随着封建专制的加强,三纲五常的推广,师生之间发展为不单纯只是学问的授与受的关系,也在一定程度上成为本质上的一种政治上的从属关系。本文试图运用马克思历史唯物主义观点,在认真分析原始资料和其他基本资料的基础上,以历史学研究方法为主,综合运用社会学等研究方法,多学科多角度的分析文本资料,系统的讨论儒学对汉代人际关系的影响。
[Abstract]:Confucian culture contains a rich ideological content, including the "benevolence" as the core of the concept of interpersonal relations, the ideological view in China for more than two thousand years of feudalism, once played a role in maintaining the whole society. Confucianism had a profound influence on the interpersonal relationship of Han Dynasty. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part introduces Confucianism and clan relationships. The inter-clan relationships in the Han Dynasty can be divided into clan relations and family interpersonal relationships. The clan system, which was influenced by the Confucian culture, maintained social stability and continued the traditional civilization. It plays an important role in resisting natural disasters and solving the problems of life, such as life, old age, illness and death. Family relationships include paternal, marital and fraternal relationships. In the pre-Qin period, Confucianism put forward the relationship between father's kindness and filial piety, husband's righteousness and wife's obedience, brother's friend and younger brother's respect. Under the influence of Han Confucianism's Dong Zhongshu's theory of "king as his subject, father as his son and husband as his wife", and under the background of "Bai Hu Tong Yi" being confirmed as the official thought. Gradually transformed into paternity, husband power, brother power one-sided absolute. The second part introduces the political interpersonal relationship. In terms of political relations, the pre-Qin Confucianism put forward the relationship of "courteous courtesies, courtiers to loyalty", but at the request of "King as subject", distorted the corresponding relationship between monarchs and courtiers, and made the monarch and courtier relations go to the abyss of absolute inequality. There is a strong personal attachment between the chief (chief) and the former official (subordinate), which is essentially a kind of political subordination. The third part introduces the general social interpersonal relationship. Friend relationship is a kind of universal interpersonal relationship in social communication. Confucianism attaches great importance to the relationship of friends, which is mainly reflected in honesty, like-minded, comity and mutual understanding, whether rich or poor, noble or humble, admonishing and so on. The relationship between teachers and students is one of the most important interpersonal relationships in the Han Dynasty. Influenced by Confucianism in the Pre-Qin Dynasty, teachers in the Han Dynasty cared about their students, and the students respected and loved their teachers. The deeds of respecting and loving teachers were sincere and moving, leaving behind a lot of good words, which are still being told today. But with the strengthening of feudal autocracy, the promotion of "three programmes" was carried out. To a certain extent, the relationship between teachers and students has become a kind of political subordination. This paper tries to use Marx's historical materialism viewpoint, on the basis of analyzing the original data and other basic materials seriously, taking the historical research method as the main body, synthetically using the sociology research method, and analyzing the text data from a multi-disciplinary and multi-angle way. This paper systematically discusses the influence of Confucianism on the interpersonal relationship in Han Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：青海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K232

【引证文献】