清代甘肃士绅研究

发布时间：2018-07-20 21:41

【摘要】： 士绅是古代中国社会中的精英阶层,他们不但具有较高的社会地位和声望,而且在诸多社会事务,尤其是地方社会事务中发挥着重要的作用,所谓“官不能离开绅而有所作为”。清代甘肃士绅是中国古代士绅阶层中一个重要的组成部分,他们既具有作为这一阶层的共性,也有地处西北社会的特性。甘肃落后的经济、教育发展水平导致士绅阶层的数量与同时期江浙等富庶地区相比相对较少,但是甘肃民族众多的特点也使得士绅群体的民族成分呈现出多样性。在士绅身份的获得上,科举考试依然是甘肃读书人获取士绅身份的主要途径,但通过军功奖叙而取得士绅身份和做官资格既是甘肃士绅获取士绅身份的一个重要途径,也是一个显著特点。士绅忧国忧民的传统使得他们不但关注社会事务,而且在许多地方事务中发挥着实际的领导作用。对于甘肃士绅来说,他们也不例外,他们同样在诸如地方公共事务,例如地方教育、道路桥梁等公共工程、社会教化、地方治安等事务中扮演着倡办者和实际经理者的角色,为清代甘肃社会的发展等作出了积极贡献。在这些所有的地方事务中,对于甘肃士绅来说,同治年间爆发的回民大起义无疑是一个值得关注的事情,因为战乱不仅把许多人卷入了战争,从而使一部分人获得了或升迁、或挤入士绅阶层行列的机会,更为重要的是,有许多士绅在战乱中牺牲,这所体现的正是士绅“舍生取义”、“忧国忧民”的高贵品质。士绅身份的一个最重要,也是最直接的标志,就是他们均掌握文化知识,所以古代甘肃社会的灿烂文化也离不开清代甘肃士绅群体的重要贡献。
[Abstract]:The gentry were the elite class in ancient Chinese society. They not only had high social status and prestige, but also played an important role in many social affairs, especially in the local social affairs. The so-called "officials can not leave the gentry and do something." Gansu gentry in Qing Dynasty was an important part of the ancient Chinese gentry stratum. The backward economy and educational development level of Gansu resulted in a relatively small number of gentry classes compared with the rich areas such as Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces during the same period, but the characteristics of Gansu's numerous nationalities also made the ethnic composition of the gentry groups present diversity. In obtaining the status of the gentry, the imperial examination is still the main way for the scholars in Gansu to obtain the status of the gentry, but it is an important way for the gentry of Gansu to obtain the status of the gentry and the qualification as an official through the classification of military merit awards. It is also a remarkable feature. The gentry's tradition of worrying about the country and the people made them not only pay attention to social affairs, but also play a leading role in many local affairs. For the gentry of Gansu, they are no exception. They also act as promoters and practical managers in such matters as local public affairs, such as local education, public works such as roads and bridges, social education, local public security, and so on. It has made positive contributions to the development of Gansu society in Qing Dynasty. Of all these local affairs, for the gentry of Gansu Province, the great Hui uprising that broke out during the Tongzhi period was undoubtedly a matter of concern, because the war not only involved many people in the war, but also resulted in the gains or promotions of some people. More importantly, there were many gentry who died in the war, which embodied the noble character of the gentry "taking justice" and "worrying about the country and the people". One of the most important and direct marks of gentry identity is that they all have cultural knowledge, so the splendid culture of ancient Gansu society can not be separated from the important contribution of the gentry group of Gansu in Qing Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：西北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K249

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