清代“国语骑射”政策研究

发布时间：2018-08-20 10:19

【摘要】： 本文将费孝通先生在人类学领域提出的“文化自觉”理论,引入到清代“国语骑射”政策的相关讨论之中,通过反思传统的“汉化”观和“新清史”派有关清代“国语骑射”政策研究的不足,认为清代“国语骑射”政策的确立、推行、调整、强化、衰微的历史过程的特点是“变与不变”,指出清代“国语骑射”政策“变与不变”的辩证发展的历史过程中,实现了由“各美其美”、“美人之美”到“美美与共”的“文化自觉”,对于多民族国家的构建具有重要的历史意义。全文共分为六个部分。绪论。主要阐述本文的研究主题,展开必要的学术回顾,提出以“文化自觉”理论为指导,拟解决的主要问题,并交代本文研究的基本框架。第一章入关前“国语骑射”政策的确立。首先回顾满洲先民的语言文字、骑射传统及其对清代“国语骑射”政策形成的影响;接下来阐述清太祖努尔哈赤在对本民族历史文化源流追溯的过程中,对“国语骑射”政策奠基性的种种努力;讨论清太宗皇太极在改族称为“满洲”的背景下,最终为后世确立“国语骑射”政策的历史过程。第二章顺治、康熙时代“国语骑射”政策的推行。首先以“首崇满洲”的提出为切入点,考察顺治帝在入关之初推行“国语骑射”政策的状况;其次考察康熙帝通过兴办学校、开创“木兰行围”、加强骑射训练等举措贯彻“国语骑射”政策及其影响。第三章雍正、乾隆两朝“国语骑射”政策的强化。首先以雍正帝“夷夏之辩”的出奇料理为切入点,考察雍正帝对“国语骑射”政策的实施进行了必要的调整、特点及成效;其次从杀曾静,立正统入手,来考察乾隆帝在“大一统”的旗帜下,为强化“国语骑射”政策而进行的八旗教育改革,钦定新清语、译刻满文《大藏经》、编撰《五体清文鉴》以及恢复“木兰行围”等措施及其影响。第四章清朝后期“国语骑射”政策的衰微与延续。首先以木兰行围的兴衰与翻译科的存废为研究对象,分析了清朝后期“国语骑射”政策的衰微及其原因;其次从“尚武精神”的延续与满语文的“国语”地位不变两个方面来说明清朝后期“国语骑射”政策并没有废止而是仍在延续。结论。回顾全文,并讨论全文的两个主要观点。一是清代“国语骑射”政策的演进过程的特点是“变与不变”;二是清代“国语骑射”政策“变与不变”的辩证发展的历史过程中,实现了由“各美其美”、“美人之美”到“美美与共”的“文化自觉”,对于多民族国家的构建具有重要的历史意义。
[Abstract]:This paper introduces the theory of "cultural consciousness" put forward by Mr. Fei Xiaotong in the field of anthropology into the discussion of the policy of "Guoyu Riding" in Qing Dynasty. Based on the reflection of the traditional view of "Sinicization" and the deficiency of the "New Qing History" school on the policy of "mandarin riding" in the Qing Dynasty, it is considered that the establishment, implementation, adjustment and strengthening of the "Guoyu Riding" policy in the Qing Dynasty. The decline of the historical process is characterized by "change and invariance," pointing out that in the historical process of the dialectical development of the "change and invariance" of the "Guoyu Riding" policy in the Qing Dynasty, the "beauty of every beauty" has been realized. "Beauty of Beauty" to "Cultural consciousness" of Beauty and Beauty is of great historical significance to the construction of a multinational country. The full text is divided into six parts. Introduction This paper mainly expounds the research theme of this paper, carries out the necessary academic review, puts forward the main problems to be solved under the guidance of the theory of "cultural consciousness", and explains the basic framework of this study. The first chapter is about the establishment of the policy of "Guoyu Riding and shooting" before entering the Customs. First, it reviews the language and characters of Manchu ancestors, the tradition of riding and shooting and its influence on the formation of the policy of "Guoyu Riding" in the Qing Dynasty. Then, it expounds the process of tracing back to the history and culture of this nation by Nulhach, the Qing Taizu. Various efforts were made to lay the foundation of the policy of "Guoyu Riding and shooting", and to discuss the historical process of establishing the policy of "Guoyu Riding and shooting" for later generations under the background of the transformation of the imperial Taiji of the Qing Dynasty into "Manchuria". The second chapter is Shunzhi, the implementation of the policy of Guoyu Riding in Kangxi period. First of all, taking the proposal of "Shouzong Manchu" as the starting point, the author investigates the status of Shunzhi Emperor's "mandarin riding and shooting" policy at the beginning of his entry into the World Customs. Secondly, he investigates the "Mulan walking circle" initiated by Emperor Kangxi by setting up a school. Strengthen the training and other measures to implement the "Guoyu Riding" policy and its impact. Chapter III Yongzheng, Qianlong two dynasties, "Guoyu Riding" policy strengthening. First of all, taking the extraordinary cuisine of Emperor Yongzheng's "the debate of Yi Xia" as the starting point, the necessary adjustment, characteristics and results of the implementation of the policy of "Guoyu Riding and shooting" by Emperor Yongzheng have been investigated. Secondly, from the perspective of killing Zeng Jing and establishing orthodoxy, To examine the eight-flag education reform carried out by Emperor Qianlong under the banner of "Great Unification" in order to strengthen the policy of "national language riding and shooting", the Qing language was established in the Qing Dynasty. Translation of Manchu "Da Zang Jing", compilation of "five types of Qing text" and restoration of "Magnolia" and its influence. Chapter four: the decline and continuation of the policy of "Guoyu Riding" in the late Qing Dynasty. First of all, taking the rise and fall of Mulan walking circle and the preservation and abolition of translation department as the research object, this paper analyzes the decline and reasons of the "Guoyu Riding" policy in the late Qing Dynasty. Secondly, from the continuation of "martial spirit" and the unchanging status of "Mandarin" in Manchu language, it is explained that the policy of "Guoyu Riding" in the late Qing Dynasty is not abolished, but is still continuing. Conclusion Review the full text and discuss the two main points of the paper. One is that the evolution process of the "Guoyu Riding" policy in the Qing Dynasty is characterized by "change and invariance"; the other is the dialectical development of the "change and invariance" of the "Guoyu Riding" policy in the Qing Dynasty, which has realized the development of the "beauty of every beauty". "Beauty of Beauty" to "Cultural consciousness" of Beauty and Beauty is of great historical significance to the construction of a multinational country.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K249

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