宋朝经筵制度研究
发布时间：2018-10-10 16:04
【摘要】： 经筵制度是中国古代皇帝的教育制度,其正式制度化,是在北宋宋仁宗在位时期完成。在这之前,经筵制度的渊源发展有三条线索：第一是先秦的保傅制、第二是东汉侍讲制、第三是南北朝的执经制。先秦的保傅制,负责天子的教育、道德、健康,乃至与天子分享最高统治权威。随着君主集权加强,独裁的皇帝制度不可能容许保傅制的存在。到东汉,采取临时召唤学者讲授知识的形式,即侍讲制,执行原来保傅制的教育职能。不过侍讲制之下,讲授者面临身份的问题,特别是不能体现尊师重道的传统儒家道德规范。执经制是种治标的手段,通过在公开场合与皇帝、太子的亲近,树立师德权威。皇帝作为国家最高权威,在行动、言语、施政、思想诸方面,又的确需要有足够的学术修养支撑。所以唐代通过翰林学士院,这一典型的清显贵华所在,从中挑选、任命皇帝的辅导者。所以说,北宋的经筵制度,实际上是对以上诸般旨在取代先秦保傅制的措施的综合。 针对以往经筵制度,尤其是宋朝经筵制度研究的欠缺之处,如经筵一词最早出现于唐诗、宋朝经筵官应该是七种、经筵官选任存在一些特例等等,一一通过史料考证,得出新见。同时,以宋宁宗朝经筵史实为例,考出宋宁宗朝经筵官,大致展示宋宁宗时期经筵制度运行的概况,反映宋朝经筵制度运行的一个侧面。宋朝能够确立经筵制度,并始终发挥效力,在深层次的意义上,反映了宋朝重视制度建设的时代精神,又与宋朝的崇文抑武治国思想、尊崇祖宗之法的政治环境有关。 宋朝经筵制度是一个成功的制度建设案例,影响到金、元、明、清乃至朝鲜半岛、越南等朝代、地区都加以继承或借鉴。从经筵制度的设计来看,经筵制协调了皇帝与大臣在学术角色、政治角色上的悖论,造就了独有的“不是老师”观；从经筵制度的实践来看,在一定程度上,降低了昏君、暴君出现的几率。宋朝士大夫政治的最高理想,是达成儒家的“王道”社会,而宋朝经筵的终极目标,则是“致君尧舜”,也就是君德的养成。
[Abstract]:Jing Yan system is the educational system of ancient Chinese emperors, and its formal institutionalization was completed during the reign of Song Rinzong in the Northern Song Dynasty. Before this, there were three clues to the development of the Jingyan system: first, the system of preQin Dynasty, the second of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the third of the Southern and Northern dynasties. In the pre-Qin Dynasty, he was responsible for the education, morality, health, and sharing the supreme authority with the emperor. With the strengthening of the monarch's centralization, the autocratic system of emperors could not tolerate the existence of the imperial system. To the Eastern Han Dynasty, the form of temporary summons scholars to teach knowledge, that is, lecture system, to carry out the original education function of the Fu system. However, lecturers face the problem of identity, especially the traditional Confucian ethics of respecting teachers. It is a palliative means to establish the authority of teacher morality through the closeness of emperor and prince in public. As the supreme authority of the state, the emperor did need enough academic support in action, speech, administration and thought. Therefore, the Tang Dynasty through the Hanlin Bachelor's College, this typical Qing Xianghua, from which the appointment of the emperor's counselors. Therefore, the Jingyan system of the Northern Song Dynasty is actually a synthesis of the above measures aimed at replacing the pre-Qin Dynasty's protection of the Fu system. In view of the lack of research on the system of Jing Yan in the past, especially in the Song Dynasty, for example, the word Jing Yan first appeared in Tang poetry, there should be seven kinds of officials in the Song Dynasty, and there are some special cases in the selection and appointment of Jing Yan officials, and so on, one by one through historical materials. Come up with a new idea. At the same time, taking the historical facts of Song Ningzong's Jing Yan as an example, the author makes an examination of the Song Ningzong's Jing Yan officials, and shows the general situation of the Song Ningzong's Jingyan system, which reflects a side of the Song Dynasty's Jing Yan system. The Song Dynasty was able to establish the system of Jing Yan and always exert its effect. In a deep sense, it reflected the spirit of the times in which the Song Dynasty attached importance to the construction of the system, and was also related to the political environment in which the Song Dynasty's thought of worshiping literature suppressed the rule of military affairs and respected the law of the ancestors. The Jing Yan system of Song Dynasty is a successful case of system construction, which affects Jin, Yuan, Ming, Qing and even the Korean Peninsula, Vietnam and other dynasties. From the point of view of the design of the Jingyan system, it coordinates the paradox between the emperor and the minister in their academic and political roles, and creates a unique view of "not being a teacher"; from the practice of the Jingyan system, to a certain extent, it reduces the loss of the emperor. The chance of a tyrant. The highest ideal of the politics of the literati and officials in the Song Dynasty was to achieve the Confucian "royal way" society, and the ultimate goal of the imperial feast of the Song Dynasty was "to the emperor, Yao and Shun", that is, the cultivation of the monarch's virtue.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K244
本文编号：2262401
[Abstract]:Jing Yan system is the educational system of ancient Chinese emperors, and its formal institutionalization was completed during the reign of Song Rinzong in the Northern Song Dynasty. Before this, there were three clues to the development of the Jingyan system: first, the system of preQin Dynasty, the second of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the third of the Southern and Northern dynasties. In the pre-Qin Dynasty, he was responsible for the education, morality, health, and sharing the supreme authority with the emperor. With the strengthening of the monarch's centralization, the autocratic system of emperors could not tolerate the existence of the imperial system. To the Eastern Han Dynasty, the form of temporary summons scholars to teach knowledge, that is, lecture system, to carry out the original education function of the Fu system. However, lecturers face the problem of identity, especially the traditional Confucian ethics of respecting teachers. It is a palliative means to establish the authority of teacher morality through the closeness of emperor and prince in public. As the supreme authority of the state, the emperor did need enough academic support in action, speech, administration and thought. Therefore, the Tang Dynasty through the Hanlin Bachelor's College, this typical Qing Xianghua, from which the appointment of the emperor's counselors. Therefore, the Jingyan system of the Northern Song Dynasty is actually a synthesis of the above measures aimed at replacing the pre-Qin Dynasty's protection of the Fu system. In view of the lack of research on the system of Jing Yan in the past, especially in the Song Dynasty, for example, the word Jing Yan first appeared in Tang poetry, there should be seven kinds of officials in the Song Dynasty, and there are some special cases in the selection and appointment of Jing Yan officials, and so on, one by one through historical materials. Come up with a new idea. At the same time, taking the historical facts of Song Ningzong's Jing Yan as an example, the author makes an examination of the Song Ningzong's Jing Yan officials, and shows the general situation of the Song Ningzong's Jingyan system, which reflects a side of the Song Dynasty's Jing Yan system. The Song Dynasty was able to establish the system of Jing Yan and always exert its effect. In a deep sense, it reflected the spirit of the times in which the Song Dynasty attached importance to the construction of the system, and was also related to the political environment in which the Song Dynasty's thought of worshiping literature suppressed the rule of military affairs and respected the law of the ancestors. The Jing Yan system of Song Dynasty is a successful case of system construction, which affects Jin, Yuan, Ming, Qing and even the Korean Peninsula, Vietnam and other dynasties. From the point of view of the design of the Jingyan system, it coordinates the paradox between the emperor and the minister in their academic and political roles, and creates a unique view of "not being a teacher"; from the practice of the Jingyan system, to a certain extent, it reduces the loss of the emperor. The chance of a tyrant. The highest ideal of the politics of the literati and officials in the Song Dynasty was to achieve the Confucian "royal way" society, and the ultimate goal of the imperial feast of the Song Dynasty was "to the emperor, Yao and Shun", that is, the cultivation of the monarch's virtue.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K244
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前3条
1 邹贺;;宋朝经筵制度补阙[J];贵州文史丛刊;2012年02期
2 魏彦红;;北宋皇帝重教研究综述[J];河北大学学报(哲学社会科学版);2012年05期
3 魏彦红;;宋代经筵研究综述[J];河北师范大学学报(教育科学版);2012年10期
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 郭小转;多元文化背景中元代边塞诗的发展[D];中央民族大学;2012年
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