汉武帝兴水利与西汉王朝兴衰的关系

发布时间：2018-10-19 12:36

【摘要】： 汉武帝时期掀起了中国历史上第二个兴修水利的高潮,在我国水利发展史上占有重要地位,对后世的影响是全方位多角度的。兴修水利在生产力尚不发达的古代社会是一项非常艰巨的事业,需要强有力的政权的组织、协调才能完成,对人力、物力、财力的占用、消耗是相当巨大的,对当时经济发展、社会稳定、阶级关系都会产生极大的影响,事关国计民生和国运的兴衰。本文拟从汉武帝兴水利入手,弄清以下几个问题: 首先,通过回顾汉武帝的水利建设及其效果,阐明实际效果差强人意,说得上是事倍功半。再从社会影响来分析,水利建设对汉武帝后期的统治危机实际上起了推波助澜的作用。总体上看汉武帝水利建设在他在位期间是得不偿失。其次,论述汉武帝水利建设与昭宣中兴的关系。着重说明昭宣时期不用耗费多少人力、物力、财力,就可以坐享汉武帝水利建设的成果,可谓前人栽树、后人乘凉。“昭宣中兴”的实现,汉武帝水利建设功不可没。再次,揭示汉武帝水利建设与西汉后期黄河中下游水灾、河患的关系。水灾、河患频繁就在于泥沙在黄河中下游淤积,致使河床抬高成为地上河。而河床淤积速度快慢,一在水,一在沙,水多沙少则淤积放慢,水少沙多则淤积加速。汉武帝水利建设重点地区在关中和西北,一方面,造成水土流失加剧,入黄泥沙增多;另一方面,大量引用黄河水溉田,使黄河水量减少,输送泥沙能力下降。这一出一入加速了黄河河床的淤积抬高,加剧了水灾、河患。最后,说明西汉王朝由盛而衰,由衰而亡固然是各种因素共同作用的结果,但水灾、河患等自然灾害频发,无疑加剧了社会危机,激化了社会矛盾,大大加速了这一过程,成为西汉王朝由盛而衰的催化剂,加速器。
[Abstract]:The period of Emperor Wudi of Han Dynasty set off the second climax of water conservancy construction in Chinese history, which occupies an important position in the history of water conservancy development in China, and its influence on later generations is omnidirectional and multi-angle. The construction of water conservancy is a very arduous undertaking in an ancient society where the productive forces are still underdeveloped. It requires strong political power organizations and coordination to complete it. The occupation of manpower, material resources and financial resources is quite enormous, and it is very important to economic development at that time. Social stability, class relations will have a great impact on the national economy and people's livelihood and the rise and fall of national luck. This paper intends to start with the development of water conservancy by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and make clear the following problems: firstly, by reviewing the construction and effect of water conservancy of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the author clarifies that the actual effect is not satisfactory. In other words, half the effort. From the social impact, the construction of water conservancy actually contributed to the ruling crisis in the late Han Dynasty. Generally speaking, the water conservancy construction of Emperor Wu in the Han Dynasty was not worth the gain during his reign. Secondly, it discusses the relationship between water conservancy construction of Emperor Wu and Zhaoxuan Zhongxing. The emphasis is to explain how much manpower, material and financial resources need not be spent in Zhaoxuan period to enjoy the achievements of water conservancy construction of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. The realization of "Zhao Xuan Zhong Xing" contributed to the construction of water conservancy by Emperor Wu Di of the Han Dynasty. Thirdly, it reveals the relationship between water conservancy construction and flood and river infestation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in the late Western Han Dynasty. The frequent flood is caused by the silt deposition in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, which causes the river bed to rise and become an overlying river. The deposition rate of river bed is fast and slow, one is in water, one is in sand, the other is in water and sand, and the more water is less sand, the more silt is, and the more water is less sand, the more siltation is accelerated. In the key areas of water conservancy construction of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty in Guanzhong and northwestern China, on the one hand, the soil and water loss is aggravated, and the sediment into Yellow River is increased. This entry accelerates the siltation of the Yellow River bed, exacerbates floods and floods. Finally, it is explained that the West Han Dynasty from prosperity to decline, from decline to death of course is the result of various factors, but floods, river disasters and other natural disasters frequently, undoubtedly exacerbated the social crisis, intensified social contradictions, greatly accelerated the process. Became the Western Han Dynasty from prosperity and decline of the catalyst, accelerator.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K234.1

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