唐五代社会救助研究

发布时间：2018-10-19 14:05

【摘要】：本文主要对唐五代时期的社会救助进行了探讨,全文除前言外共分五章: 第一章对弱势人群的社会救助。分养老、慈幼、恤妇女、助残疾等方面,从政府和民间两个层面探讨了唐五代时期对弱势群体的救助和优恤,着重剖析了民间力量在救助弱势群体中所起的作用。第二章对特殊人群的社会救助。按照官僚、学生、将士等救助对象,从俸禄、致仕、赋税、医疗、丧葬等方面探讨了政府对特殊人群的救助,及民间在特殊人群救助中所起的作用。第三章医疗婚丧救助。在分类考察了唐五代时期对不同人群的救助后,着重探讨了唐五代时期政府和民间在疾病、婚嫁、丧葬这三个方面对百姓的救助状况。第四章民间社邑组织与社会救助。利用敦煌文书中的大量社邑文书,并结合其他史料,探讨了唐五代时期社邑在丧葬、造舍、婚嫁、出行、患病及防范安全等问题上对社人的救助,并分析了社邑组织对民间救助的意义及历史局限性。第五章宗族姻亲与社会救助。分别选取社会救助中的抚孤、助学、济贫、助婚丧、抗灾避难等社会问题,探讨了唐五代时期宗族、姻亲进行社会救助的具体状况,分析了宗族、姻亲在社会救助中所起的作用。唐五代政府主要以律令形式,将社会救助措施予以法制化,有的也逐渐形成制度。在救助机构方面,首次在全国范围内设置了专门救助贫病人员的机构——病坊,这对宋以后类似社会救助机构的设置,有着重要的借鉴意义。在政府社会救助很有限的情况下,宗族在民间救助中发挥了较大作用。唐代宗族救助尚处在自发阶段,缺乏物质和制度保障。因此,庶民阶层往往与乡里异姓结成相互“济苦救贫”的组织——社邑,以补充国家和宗族救助的不足。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly discusses the social assistance in the Tang and five dynasties. Besides the preface, the thesis is divided into five chapters: the first chapter is the social assistance to the vulnerable people. In the aspects of old-age care, kindness, caring for women and helping the disabled, this paper probes into the relief and benefit to the vulnerable groups in the Tang and five dynasties from the two aspects of the government and the civil society, and emphatically analyzes the role played by the folk forces in helping the vulnerable groups. The second chapter is about social assistance to special people. According to the aid objects of bureaucrats, students and soldiers, this paper discusses the role of the government in the relief of special people from the aspects of salaries, official, taxation, medical treatment, funeral and so on. Chapter III Medical Marriage and Bereavement Assistance. After classifying and investigating the relief to different people in the Tang and five dynasties, the paper mainly discusses the relief situation of the government and the people in the disease, marriage and funeral in the Tang and five dynasties. Chapter IV the organization of civil society and social assistance. Using a large number of documents from Dunhuang, and combining with other historical data, this paper probes into the relief to the social workers during the Tang and five dynasties on issues such as funeral, house building, marriage, travel, illness and prevention of safety, and so on. It also analyzes the significance and historical limitation of social relief. Chapter V Clan in-laws and social assistance. This paper selects the social problems such as caressing orphans, helping students, helping poor people, helping marriage and mourning, taking refuge against disasters and other social problems in social assistance, discusses the specific situation of clan and in-laws carrying out social assistance in the Tang and five dynasties, and analyzes the clan. The role played by in-laws in social assistance. The government of Tang and five dynasties legalized the social relief measures mainly in the form of laws and decrees, and some gradually formed a system. In the aspect of relief organizations, for the first time, a special organization for the poor and sick people was set up in the whole country, which is of great significance to the establishment of similar social relief institutions after the Song Dynasty. Under the condition that the government's social assistance is very limited, the clan has played an important role in the folk assistance. The relief of the representative clan in the Tang Dynasty is still in the spontaneous stage, lacking of material and system guarantee. Therefore, the common people often form a mutual "relief of suffering and help the poor" organization with different surnames in the countryside, so as to supplement the insufficiency of state and clan assistance.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K242;K243

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