康熙帝多方使用西士及其原因试析

发布时间：2018-10-23 06:40

【摘要】：康熙帝在中国历史上开创性地任用西士于朝廷和宫中。西士是西洋传教士中被康熙帝任用的人士,令他们发挥西方科技艺术特长。康熙帝用西士供职钦天监,制作历法;铸造西洋火炮;予西士兵部职衔、文书,参与外交谈判和出使西洋;用皇帝特别派遣名义出使外国及教廷;派往全国各地测绘地图;为修纂大型图书提供资料;从事西医书籍翻译和医药研制、治疗疾病;制作提供欣赏的艺术品;还有一些零星差事,如主持京师赈灾事务。康熙帝之所以赋予西士各项使命,是国家政务和个人爱好需要的结合:制定科学历法是以农立国的君主所需要;同俄国订立边界条约及测绘舆图是为巩固疆域、保守国土;借助西方科学知识从文化上压抑汉臣;生活上享受西士所带来的西方科技、医疗成果。康熙帝一度允许天主教传教,促成中西文化交流、中国天主教发展史上黄金时期的出现;开创具有历史意义的中外签订正式条约的先例;开创性地招募国际人才,令后世颇可师法。康熙帝也是吸收西方科学文化开创者,留下启迪后人的文化遗产。
[Abstract]:Emperor Kangxi pioneered the appointment of West Scholars in the court and palace in Chinese history. Western missionaries were appointed by Emperor Kangxi to give full play to Western science and art. Emperor Kangxi used Xi Shi to serve in the Qing Dynasty, to make calendars; to cast western artillery; to give western soldiers ministry titles, documents, to participate in diplomatic negotiations and missions to the West; to send foreign countries and the Holy see in the name of the emperor's special dispatch; to send them to map mapping all over the country; To provide information for the compilation of large books; to work in the translation of western medicine and medical research and development to treat diseases; to produce works of art to provide appreciation; and to do some odd things, such as presiding over the relief work of Beijing teachers. The reason why Emperor Kangxi entrusted Xi Shi with various missions is the combination of national government affairs and personal interests: making the scientific calendar is the need of the monarch who founded the country by agriculture, concluding the border treaty with Russia and mapping map to consolidate the territory and preserve the land; With the help of western scientific knowledge, he suppressed the Han ministers culturally and enjoyed the western scientific and medical achievements brought by the Western scholars. Emperor Kangxi once allowed Catholicism to preach, promoting cultural exchanges between China and the West, the emergence of the golden age in the history of Chinese Catholicism; setting a precedent for the signing of official treaties between China and the foreign countries with historical significance; and pioneering the recruitment of international talents. So that later generations can learn from the law. Emperor Kangxi was also a pioneer of western science and culture, and left behind the cultural heritage of enlightening future generations.
【作者单位】：南开大学中国社会史研究中心;
【分类号】：K249.2

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