北魏皇帝的巡幸

发布时间：2018-10-31 07:33

【摘要】： 中国古代帝王的巡幸，其主要是指帝王出京巡视地方与边疆的活动。魏晋南北朝时期的皇帝巡幸有着分裂动荡这一大的时代背景赋予的时代特征。特别是北魏时期，因为是少数民族入主中原，所以北魏皇帝的巡幸明显多于南朝皇帝。道武帝、明元帝、太武帝和孝文帝时期，巡幸活动几乎贯穿于其整个在位时期，其巡幸活动与帝国的命运、吏治、战争和风俗密切相关。本文先以北魏诸帝为研究对象，在《北魏皇帝巡幸表》中详列皇帝巡幸的具体情况，然后据此分析每位皇帝巡幸的原因、目的和效果，通过巡幸来考察北魏各个时期发展的不同特点；接着，作者又从宏观方面分析皇帝巡幸和北魏历史：主要从政治重心转移、经济转型、民族迁徙和中华正统再造四个方面来分析与皇帝巡幸的关系，以期从皇帝巡幸这一角度为切入点，来分析北魏政治、经济、民族关系和思想意识的变化发展。作者认为，北魏诸帝的巡幸不仅有安邦定边，宣扬国威，抚慰百姓，观风问俗等巡幸本身的特点，更有着宣扬汉化，标榜正统等特有的时代特点。而且，不同皇帝巡幸的侧重点也不同，如道武帝、太武帝的巡幸则主要围绕着开拓疆土，统一北方；明元帝、文成帝则主要以安定社会、巩固政权为目的；到了献文帝、孝文帝则致力于以全面汉化、迁都洛阳。而北魏前期和中期，由于皇朝处于上升和发展时期，皇帝巡幸极为频繁，到了北魏后期，由于国力日衰，巡幸次数则大为减少。从皇帝巡幸次数的多寡也可以看出国力强弱的变化。北魏从一个游牧民族转化为农耕民族，政治重心自北而南不断推进，从一个少数民族政权到全面汉化，这些变化也许先贤时哲都已有所论述，但本文力图从皇帝巡幸的角度来看待这些变化，认为这些变化是与皇帝巡幸方向的改变一致的。本文文后附《北魏皇帝巡幸表》和《北魏皇帝巡幸地古今地名对照表》，望通过巡幸表和地名表，，能更直观明晰的反映皇帝巡幸，也能为以后的研究带来便利。
[Abstract]:The ancient Chinese emperors' visits mainly refer to the activities of the emperors travelling out of Beijing to inspect the local areas and the frontier areas. The emperors of Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern dynasties had the characteristics of the times because of the splittism and turbulence. Especially in the Northern Wei Dynasty, the emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty was more fortunate than the emperor of the Southern Dynasty because of the minority nationality entering the Central Plains. During the period of Daowu Emperor Ming Yuan Emperor Taiwu Emperor and Emperor Xiaowen the activities of touring fortune were closely related to the fate of the empire the administration of officials the war and customs. Taking the emperors of the Northern Wei Dynasty as the object of study, this paper gives a detailed list of the specific circumstances of the emperors' visits in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and then analyzes the reasons, purposes and effects of each emperor's visit. The different characteristics of the development of each period of the Northern Wei Dynasty were investigated through the tour. Then, the author analyzes the relationship between the emperor and the emperor from four aspects: the political center of gravity, the economic transformation, the national migration and the re-establishment of Chinese orthodoxy. From the angle of Emperor's visit, this paper analyzes the political, economic, ethnic relations and ideological development of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The author thinks that the visiting luck of the emperors of the Northern Wei Dynasty not only has the characteristics of Anbang, propagandizing the national prestige, comforting the people, observing the customs and asking the common people, but also has the special characteristics of the times, such as propagating the Sinicization and preaching orthodoxy. Moreover, the emphases of different emperors' visits are also different, such as Daowu Emperor, Taiwu Emperor's tour mainly revolves around opening up territory and unifying the north, Ming Dynasty emperor, Wen Chengdi mainly aims at stabilizing society and consolidating political power. To Xianwen Emperor, Emperor Xiaowen is committed to the overall Han, moving the capital Luoyang. In the early and middle period of the Northern Wei Dynasty, due to the rising and developing period of the imperial dynasty, the emperor made frequent visits. In the latter part of the Northern Wei Dynasty, due to the declining national strength, the number of visits was greatly reduced. From the emperor's number of visits can also be seen the changes in national strength. The Northern Wei Dynasty transformed from a nomadic nation to a farming nation, and the political center of gravity continued to advance from north to south, from a minority political power to a comprehensive Sinicization. These changes may have been discussed by the sages and philosophers. However, this paper tries to look at these changes from the angle of emperor's visit, and thinks that these changes are consistent with the change of the emperor's visiting direction. This paper is accompanied by the "Northern Wei emperor visiting the lucky table" and the "Northern Wei emperor visiting the ancient and modern toponymy comparison table", hoping that through the visiting table and the local name table, it can reflect the emperor's visit more intuitively and clearly, and can also bring convenience for the future research.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K239.21

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