论汉代循吏群体性产生的原因和影响

发布时间：2018-11-25 16:06

【摘要】：汉代吏治为后世称美,与汉代循吏这一官僚群体密切相关,与其在一定历史时期内非个别而是群体性出现密切相关。汉代循吏的主体是郡、国、县、道行政长官,特别是二千石地方长官,中央赋予他们很大的职权,这是其施展才华的平台。其在实践汉家制度所要求的赋役执法、恤民富民、教民化俗等职责时,一身兼有吏、亲、师三重角色,三者相辅相成,绝非割裂对立。把循吏教化仅仅归于儒教是片面的,循吏地方教育的目的主要是发展经济,移风易俗,而不在"劳而少功"的儒经礼乐。"循吏出于儒生,酷吏出于文吏"的说法并不客观,汉代既有通经、廉洁的酷吏,也有出身文吏、学律严法的循吏。武帝朝多酷吏,宣帝时期循吏多,原因主要不在于儒学的推广程度,而是与当时国家与社会的矛盾相关,"政平讼理",富民化俗的治政需要,促成循吏的群体性产生。
[Abstract]:The administration of officials in the Han Dynasty is the beauty of later generations, which is closely related to the bureaucratic group of officials in the Han Dynasty, and to the emergence of a group rather than an individual in a certain historical period. The main bodies of the officials in the Han Dynasty were county, state, county and prefectural administrators, especially the two thousand stone prefects. The central government gave them great powers and powers, which was the platform on which they could display their talents. In the practice of the Han family system required by the duty of law enforcement, rich people, religious customs and other duties, a combination of officials, relatives, teachers three roles, the three complement each other, by no means separate opposites. It is one-sided to attribute the teaching of officials to Confucianism only. The purpose of local education is mainly to develop the economy and change the customs, rather than the Confucian scriptures, which are not "working but doing little". " The theory of "follow officials out of Confucianism" is not objective. In the Han Dynasty, there were not only honest and honest officials, but also those who had learned strict laws and strict laws. The reason is not mainly the spreading degree of Confucianism, but the contradiction between the country and the society at that time.
【作者单位】：南开大学;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金项目《二十等爵制与秦汉吏民等级研究》[编号:12BES019]阶段性成果
【分类号】：K234

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