宋代年谱考论

发布时间：2018-11-25 18:39

【摘要】：前言：年谱是按年月记载人物生平事迹的传记体裁，自宋代发展至今，已有近千年的历史。而且方兴未艾，被当代学者奉为治学门径，在传记体中，格外受到重视。然而由于理解上的差异，如果仅仅抓住“按年月记载人物生平事迹”的特征，而不顾体裁间的差异的话，不免会将墓碣、墓表、行状、自志、日记、日录、游山记、奉使录，乃至正史中的帝纪以及起居注、实录、纪年录、系年录等带此特征的著述，也误指为年谱，，事实上一些年谱目录便将这些著作登记在册了。这样做的结果，使得年谱与上述各体裁间的界限变得模糊，不可避免地出现“泛年谱”的格局，从而给年谱研究工作带来意想不到的困难。因此，考察年谱，除了应该抓住其按年系事的主要特征外，还必须注意鉴别体裁，不可将墓志、行状、实录等划入年谱的范围。第一章年谱体的形成：年谱是杂糅了编年与纪传二体，并借鉴了家谱、年表、墓志等体的写法而产生的。因此，这些体裁与年谱都有相通之处。于是，关于年谱体的起源，便有始于先秦、始于唐、始于宋三种说法。究其原因，都是将近似于年谱的其他体裁，如帝王实录、编年墓志、家谱等，误认为年谱的结果，如云梦秦简《编年记》、《唐懿祖纪年录》、《唐献祖纪年录》、《太祖纪年录》、《渤海行年记》、《孟知祥实录》、《马氏行年记》等，就已载入年谱目录。但这些著作以记国事为主，并非单纯的编年个人传记，与年谱体裁有别，不应混为一谈。始于先秦说与始于唐代说，目前还缺乏实证支持，站不住脚。而始宋说则不同，不仅有名副其实的大量年谱作证，而且有目录书著录佐证，加上宋人对年谱体的大量阐释，都说明这样一个事实：年谱在宋代已经自成一体了。
[Abstract]:Chronology is a biographical genre which records the life and deeds of characters by years. It has a history of nearly a thousand years since the Song Dynasty. And is in the ascendant, is regarded as the scholarship path by the contemporary scholar, in the biography body, receives the special attention. However, because of the differences in understanding, if we only grasp the characteristics of "recording the lives and deeds of people by year and month," without regard to the differences between different genres, we will inevitably record tombstones, tombs, lines, self-records, diaries, daily records, touring notes, and making official records. Even the official history of the Emperor and the notes, records, chronicles, annals and other books with this characteristic, also mistakenly refers to chronology, in fact, some chronological catalogs will register these works in the book. As a result, the boundary between chronology and the above genres becomes blurred, and the pattern of "pan-chronological spectrum" inevitably appears, which brings unexpected difficulties to the study of chronology. Therefore, in order to investigate chronology, we should not only grasp the main characteristics of chronological events, but also pay attention to the identification of genres, and should not include the epitaph, line and record into the annual spectrum. The first chapter is the formation of chronological style: the chronology is a mixture of chronology and Ji Biography, and draw lessons from the genealogies, chronology, epitaph and other forms of writing. Therefore, these genres have something in common with the chronology. As a result, the origin of the chronology began in the pre-Qin, Tang and Song dynasties. The reason is that other genres, such as emperors, chronological epitaph, genealogy and so on, are mistaken for the results of the chronicle, such as Yunmeng Qin slips, chronicles of Tang Yizu, and chronicles of Tang Xianzu. The annals of Taizu, Bohaihai, Meng Zhixiang, Ma's and so on have been included in the chronological catalogue. But these works are mainly about state affairs, not mere chronological biographies, which are different from chronological genres and should not be confused. At present, it lacks empirical support and does not hold water. But the beginning song says is different, not only has the name actually a large number of chronicles to testify, but also has the catalogue book to record the proof, plus the Song people to the chronicle type's massive explanation, all explain such a fact: the chronicle has already been self-made in the Song Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：四川大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K244

【引证文献】