元代僧人世谷化探析
发布时间：2018-12-10 12:32
【摘要】：僧人世俗化并非元代所特有,但在元代最显著。元代僧人的世俗化是元代佛教的一大特色。元代崇佛,对藏传佛教更是宠爱有加。僧人(尤其是西僧)便恃宠横甚,将其足迹踏入世俗生活的各个方面。 政治上,他们参预国家朝政,在朝中做官或推荐人做官;他们作佛事为帝王祈福,并趁机要求释放囚犯,干预国家的司法审判;更有甚者直接发动叛乱,试图颠覆元朝的统治;经济上,他们利用作佛事、度僧、甚至掘坟等方法来攫取钱财,并且经商和争夺田土。社会生活方面的世俗化主要表现为僧人娶妻和僧人饮酒。僧人饮酒在元代相当普遍,全国各地都有,各个阶层都有,饮酒的场所不限。他们饮的潇洒,饮的放荡不羁,既无统治者的牵绊,更无平民的冷眼。僧人娶妻现象也很普遍,全国各地都有。僧人娶妻虽不光明正大,却也不必东躲西藏。 元代僧人世俗化现象的普遍是由多方面的因素促成的。僧人地位很高且成分过于冗滥的状况为僧人在政治经济方面的世俗化创造了条件;僧人在政治经济方面的世俗化使得僧人比较富有,这又为僧人在社会生活方面的世俗化创造了条件。另外,僧人饮酒与统治者嗜酒和僧人与文人的频繁交往有关;僧人娶妻现象则与僧人不离入世而出世、不离家而出家的生存状态及时人逐利之风盛行有关。 时人对僧人世俗化现象的反映。政治经济方面,时人对僧人作佛事的反映最为强烈,但统治者却并未采取实质性的措施。对僧人犯罪和经商政府则采取了一定的措施;对于僧人饮酒,时人并没有太多的微辞,统治者也没有采取任何措施制止;至于僧人娶妻,时人虽有微辞,统治者也采取了惩罚措施,但却多半流于形式。 元代僧人的世俗化折射出元代社会的许多问题,从僧人世俗化可以窥探元代社会的基本面貌。
[Abstract]:The secularization of monks was not unique in Yuan Dynasty, but it was most remarkable in Yuan Dynasty. The secularization of monks in Yuan Dynasty is a major characteristic of Buddhism in Yuan Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty worships the Buddha, to the Tibetan Buddhism is spoiled. Monks (especially Western monks) have been so spoiled that they have stepped into all aspects of worldly life. Politically, they take part in the government of the country and serve as officials or referees in the middle of the dynasty; they pray for the emperors as Buddhas, and take the opportunity to demand the release of prisoners and intervene in the judicial trial of the country, and even directly launch a rebellion in order to subvert the rule of the Yuan Dynasty; Economically, they used Buddhist practices, monks, and even graves to grab money, and to do business and fight for land. The secularization of social life is mainly manifested in the marriage of monks and drinking by monks. Monk drinking was very common in the Yuan Dynasty, all over the country, all classes, drinking places unlimited. They drink chic, drink unrestrained, neither the ruler's ties, let alone the cold eyes of the common people. It is also common for monks to take wives, all over the country. Although a monk takes a wife, he doesn't have to hide. The secularization of monks in Yuan Dynasty was caused by many factors. The status of monks is very high and too redundant to create conditions for secularization of monks in political and economic aspects; The secularization of monks in politics and economy makes monks richer, which creates conditions for secularization of monks in social life. In addition, the drinking of monks is related to the drinking of rulers and the frequent communication between monks and literati, and the phenomenon of monks taking a wife is related to the fact that monks are born without leaving the WTO and living without leaving their homes. The reaction of people to the secularization of monks. In the aspect of politics and economy, people reacted most strongly to Buddhist monks, but the rulers did not take substantial measures. The government has taken some measures to the crime and business of monks, and to the monastic drinking, people did not have too many petty words, nor did the rulers take any measures to stop them; As for the monastic marriage, although there were minor words, the ruler took punishment measures, but most of them were mere formality. The secularization of the monks in the Yuan Dynasty reflects many problems in the society of the Yuan Dynasty, and the secularization of the monks can reveal the basic features of the society of the Yuan Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K247
本文编号：2370572
[Abstract]:The secularization of monks was not unique in Yuan Dynasty, but it was most remarkable in Yuan Dynasty. The secularization of monks in Yuan Dynasty is a major characteristic of Buddhism in Yuan Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty worships the Buddha, to the Tibetan Buddhism is spoiled. Monks (especially Western monks) have been so spoiled that they have stepped into all aspects of worldly life. Politically, they take part in the government of the country and serve as officials or referees in the middle of the dynasty; they pray for the emperors as Buddhas, and take the opportunity to demand the release of prisoners and intervene in the judicial trial of the country, and even directly launch a rebellion in order to subvert the rule of the Yuan Dynasty; Economically, they used Buddhist practices, monks, and even graves to grab money, and to do business and fight for land. The secularization of social life is mainly manifested in the marriage of monks and drinking by monks. Monk drinking was very common in the Yuan Dynasty, all over the country, all classes, drinking places unlimited. They drink chic, drink unrestrained, neither the ruler's ties, let alone the cold eyes of the common people. It is also common for monks to take wives, all over the country. Although a monk takes a wife, he doesn't have to hide. The secularization of monks in Yuan Dynasty was caused by many factors. The status of monks is very high and too redundant to create conditions for secularization of monks in political and economic aspects; The secularization of monks in politics and economy makes monks richer, which creates conditions for secularization of monks in social life. In addition, the drinking of monks is related to the drinking of rulers and the frequent communication between monks and literati, and the phenomenon of monks taking a wife is related to the fact that monks are born without leaving the WTO and living without leaving their homes. The reaction of people to the secularization of monks. In the aspect of politics and economy, people reacted most strongly to Buddhist monks, but the rulers did not take substantial measures. The government has taken some measures to the crime and business of monks, and to the monastic drinking, people did not have too many petty words, nor did the rulers take any measures to stop them; As for the monastic marriage, although there were minor words, the ruler took punishment measures, but most of them were mere formality. The secularization of the monks in the Yuan Dynasty reflects many problems in the society of the Yuan Dynasty, and the secularization of the monks can reveal the basic features of the society of the Yuan Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：K247
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 唐小玲;;元代诗歌中僧诗现象的评论分析[J];芒种;2012年12期
相关硕士学位论文 前2条
1 韦德强;元代中后期诗僧研究[D];中南大学;2010年
2 蔡际青;以金盈之《醉翁谈录》为个案的笔记小说研究[D];黑龙江大学;2012年
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