清代监狱研究

发布时间：2018-12-28 17:42

【摘要】：监狱作为实施阶级统治、承载时代行刑理念的国家工具之一,其发展与国家形成、时代转型变迁、社会文明进步等密切相连,从监狱之良腐,可知一国之文野。本文运用历史学、法学等学科研究方法,收集研究相关史料,对清代监狱的相关问题,包括监狱立法、监狱管理、监狱官司法责任和监狱改良等内容进行探究,在力求更全面、更清晰地认识清代社会的基础上,把握清代监狱的特点和实质,认识清代末期监狱改良和转型的历史必然性,归纳出监狱管理和监狱发展的一般规律,以期对现代监狱发展有所帮助和启迪。全文除绪论外,主体内容分为六章：清代监狱基本概况一章,主要介绍了有清一代社会发展与监狱立法的关系、监狱的设置、监狱建筑、监狱刑具等。清代监狱立法在继承明代狱制基础上有了新的发展,统治者在充分继承汉族统治经验的基础上,为加强社会控制,维护社会稳定,监狱的设置、建筑形式以及控狱方式上,体现出鲜明的时代性和显著的民族性,监狱在实施阶级统治中发挥重要作用。清代监狱管理制度一章主要考察了监狱内部管理制度。清代监狱是一种单纯羁押人犯的场所,防逃是其主要职责。清初的《大清律例》,清末制定的《大清新刑律》,直至最后的《大清监狱法草案》,都包含了详细的监狱管理制度。清代监狱的系囚、生活卫生、恤囚、病亡等制度已经较为精细,尤其是对女犯的管理,逐渐形成了较为完备的管理制度,有些制度至今仍有借鉴意义。第三章介绍了清代监狱官的有关情况。清代刑部提牢厅设有满汉提牢主事,司狱司设有满汉司狱,府、州、县行政长官兼管狱政,下有典史、吏目具体管理监狱,监狱官素质参差不齐,决定了清代监狱的管理水平。研究清代监狱官的设置、考课、监察、薪俸以及升迁去向等,有助于更深层次地认识清代监狱制度,总结出近代监狱官构成、转型的一般规律,是研究清代监狱不可缺少的重要部分。第四章介绍了清代监狱官在管理监狱过程中应担负的司法责任。主要介绍了清代对官吏惩处的有关规定和法律适用问题,并对监狱官在管理囚犯、防止罪犯脱逃、自杀、病亡以及管理修葺监狱、管理狱卒等活动中应担当的责任进行探讨。第五章考察了狱神庙问题。介绍了中国历史上狱神庙的起源和发展过程,以清代刑部监狱为中心,对涉及到狱神庙的起源、狱神变迁以及狱神庙的意义进行了探讨,一定程度上丰富了中国监狱文化的研究。第六章具体阐述了清末开展监狱改良运动的内外因素、改良思想在清末的滥觞、清代监狱改良的实践以及取得的成效等。清朝最后十年在监狱改良事业上进行了一些探索和实践,如制定了中国历史上第一部单行监狱法典-《大清监狱律草案》等。清末监狱改良运动,尽管有很大的历史局限性和先天不足,但具有破冰首试的意义,所倡行的教育刑、自由刑的思想,影响了近百年来监狱发展走向,具有较为深远的历史影响。
[Abstract]:As one of the national tools for carrying out class rule and carrying the idea of the execution of the times, the prison is closely connected with the formation of the nation, the transition of the times, the progress of the social civilization, etc. In this paper, the research methods of history, law and so on are used to collect the relevant historical materials, to study the related problems of the prison in the Qing Dynasty, including the prison legislation, the prison administration, the judicial responsibility of the prison officials and the improvement of the prison, etc., and try to be more comprehensive, To understand the characteristics and essence of the prison in the Qing Dynasty more clearly, to understand the historical necessity of the improvement and transformation of the prison in the end of the Qing Dynasty, the general rules of the prison administration and the development of the prison are summarized, with a view to helping and enlightening the development of the modern prison. In addition to the introduction, the content of the subject is divided into six parts: in that chapter of the basic general situation of the prison in the Qing dynasty, the article mainly introduce the relationship between the social development of the Qing generation and the prison legislation, the establishment of the prison, the prison building and the prison. The prison legislation of the Qing Dynasty had a new development on the basis of the succession of the prison system of the Ming Dynasty, and the rulers, on the basis of fully inheriting the experience of the Han nationality, provided for the strengthening of social control, the maintenance of social stability, the setting of the prison, the form of construction and the prison control. In a way, there is a clear time nature and a significant national character, and the prison plays a heavy role in the implementation of the class rule The chapter of the prison management system of the Qing Dynasty mainly visited the prison The management system of the department. The prison in the Qing Dynasty is a place where only a person is held in custody, and the escape is the case. Its main responsibilities are: the Qing Dynasty, the Law of the Great Qing and the New Criminal Law in the end of the Qing Dynasty, until the last draft of the Law on the Great Qing of the People's Republic of China, including the detailed supervision The system of the prison system in the Qing Dynasty, such as the system of the prison in the Qing Dynasty, the health of life, the death of the prisoners and the death of the prisoners, has been more elaborate, especially the management of the female prisoners, and gradually formed a more complete management system, some of which are still The third chapter introduces the supervision of the Qing Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, the prison system of the Department of Criminal Justice of the Qing Dynasty was provided with the main business of the Manchu people, and the prison division of the department was provided with the prison, the government, the state, the district chief executive, the prison administration, the history of the next time, the specific management of the prison and the quality of the prison officers, and decided the Qing Dynasty. To study the prison system of the Qing Dynasty, the general rule of the constitution and transformation of the prison officers in the Qing Dynasty is summarized, and it is not necessary to study the prison system in the Qing Dynasty. The fourth chapter introduces the prison administration in the Qing Dynasty in the management of the prison process. It mainly introduces the relevant regulations and the application of the law to the officials in the Qing Dynasty, and the administration of the prison officers in the management of the prisoners, the prevention of the escape of the criminals, the suicide, the death and the management of the prison, the management of the prison and other activities. To be responsible for the discussion. In chapter five, the problem of the temple is examined. The origin and development of the temple in the history of China is introduced. The origin of the temple in the Qing Dynasty, the origin of the temple, the change of the prison and the significance of the temple are discussed. In chapter 6, the internal and external factors of the improved movement of the prison in the late Qing Dynasty are described in the sixth chapter, and the improvement of the ideology in the late Qing Dynasty and the prison in the Qing Dynasty In the last ten years of the Qing Dynasty, some exploration and practice have been carried out in the cause of the improvement of the prison, such as the establishment of the first single-line prison in the history of China In the end of the Qing Dynasty, the improvement of the prison in the end of the Qing Dynasty, despite the great historical limitations and the deficiency of the first day, had the meaning of the first test of the ice, and the thought of the education and the free punishment of the prison in the late Qing Dynasty influenced the development of the prison in the last 100 years.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K249

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