明代广东的卫所屯田与地方社会

发布时间：2019-01-04 11:00

【摘要】： 屯田制度在中国历史上可以追溯到相当遥远的年代,屯田的设置不仅和农业有着密切的关系,和军事、财政、民族、移民政策关联同样密切。本文主要探讨了明代广东军屯建置和发展概况,以及导致屯政衰落的原因和由此产生的社会问题。本文分为三个部分: 一、广东卫所屯田制度概述。广东卫所屯田制度设置的时间及缘起,卫所屯田的设置分布、分类,卫所军士的来源以及屯政的组织和管理。二、明代中期以后卫所屯田的衰落与改革。明初,卫所屯田制度起到了稳固封建统治阶级统治的作用,但是由于管理不善等多方面的原因,各种弊端随之出现,军屯制度开始走向衰落。首先是社会、生活、生产、环境等各方面的压力造成卫所的军士大量逃亡,出现惰耕和弃田的现象;其次,由于屯政管理出现种种漏洞,豪强大族和官员纷纷强夺或者隐占屯田,与封建国家争夺利益。这也是封建集权统治开始走向衰退和瓦解的表现之一。三、卫所屯田、军户与广东地方社会。卫所屯田对地方社会产生了非常深远的影响。军屯需要迁移大量的军士,大量的军士移民,对广东地区的社会、文化、政局等诸多方面都产生了影响。军屯不仅为官军俸粮提供了保障,加强了统治阶级的武装力量,而且在军屯形式下垦复抛荒的土地,对农业的发展也起到了很重要的作用。由于军屯还产生独特的军户聚落和大量的军士移民,这些聚落移民和当地的人民和文化不断在冲突中交流和融合,由此对地方社会产生了深远影响。
[Abstract]:In the history of China, the system of farming can be traced back to a long time ago. The establishment of the system is not only closely related to agriculture, but also to military, financial, national and immigration policies. This paper mainly discusses the general situation of the construction and development of Guangdong military tun in the Ming Dynasty, the reasons leading to the decline of the military administration and the social problems arising therefrom. This paper is divided into three parts: first, Guangdong Weiyuan Tuntian system overview. The time and origin of setting up the system, the distribution and classification of the system, the origin of the officers and the organization and management of the officers. Second, the decline and reform of Weiyuan after the mid-Ming Dynasty. At the beginning of Ming Dynasty, the system of storing farmland played a role of stabilizing the rule of feudal ruling class. However, due to many reasons such as poor management, various malpractices appeared, and the system of military and tun began to decline. First of all, the pressure of society, life, production, environment and so on caused the Sgt. of Wei Institute to flee in large numbers, and the phenomenon of lazy ploughing and abandoned farmland appeared. Secondly, due to various loopholes in the management of the village, the powerful and powerful families and officials seized or concealed the farmland one after another, competing for interests with the feudal state. This is also one of the manifestations of the decline and disintegration of feudal totalitarian rule. Third, Wei Tun Tian, military households and Guangdong local society. Wei Tuan has had a very profound influence on the local society. The need to relocate a large number of non-commissioned officers, a large number of non-commissioned officers emigrate, to the social, cultural, political situation and many other aspects of the impact of Guangdong. Military tun not only provided guarantee for the official army grain, strengthened the armed forces of the ruling class, but also reclaimed the abandoned land under the form of military and military tun, which also played an important role in the development of agriculture. As military villages also produce unique military settlements and large numbers of non-commissioned immigrants, these settlements and local people and cultures continue to communicate and integrate in the conflict, which has a profound impact on local society.
【学位授予单位】：广东省社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K248

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