宋理宗与近习:兼谈公论对近习的态度

发布时间：2019-03-17 19:05

【摘要】：近习不仅是历史的负面角色而已,也是中国帝制运作的一环,理应正视他们,不应只是一味地批评。服侍宋理宗是当时多数近习的常态行为,干政仅是少数人,他们的权力来自理宗,受其节制。正文分为女冠吴知古和内侍陈洵益、内待董宋臣、扩大君权、公论防宦与鄙视近习等四方面来讨论。宋理宗宠幸近习,初年即有征兆,并非始于中晚期,此与史弥远专政的教训有关。理宗中晚期,虽倦怠于政治庶务,但大权并未旁落,他利用这些近习,善用御笔,加辟政治运作之路,强化统治根基。理宗虽重用近习,但同时注意到外廷反应,并未排斥辅臣,中断进对及经筵等接触外臣的信息管道。士大夫政治,固然有"为君为民"的一面,为了社稷或百姓的利益;也有"宰制统驭"的一面,为了群体或私人的利益。
[Abstract]:Modern study is not only a negative role in history, but also a link in the operation of Chinese emperors. It should face them squarely and not just criticize them. Serving Song Li-Zong was the normal behavior of most recent practice at that time. He was only a few people in government, and their power came from and was controlled by him. The text is divided into four aspects: Wu Zhigu, Chen Xunyi, Dong Song-Chen, the extension of monarchy, the prevention of eunuchs and disdain for close study. Song Lizong favored close study, early years there are signs, not beginning in the middle and late, this is related to the lesson of Shi Miyuan dictatorship. In the middle and late period, although he was tired of political affairs, the great power did not fall behind. He used these recent studies to make good use of the imperial pen, to open up the way of political operation, and to strengthen the foundation of rule. In spite of the importance of modern study, Li Zong noticed that the external court reaction did not exclude the assistant courtiers and interrupted the information channels in contact with foreign courtiers, such as pair and Jingyan. The politics of scholar-bureaucrats, of course, has the side of "for the king and the people", for the benefit of the country or the common people, but also for the benefit of the group or the private.
【作者单位】：中正大学历史学系;
【分类号】：K244

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