论北魏对出镇宗室的监控措施

发布时间：2019-04-04 15:05

【摘要】：宗室出镇是北魏为巩固地方统治而采取的重要措施,它不仅是对魏晋旧制的遵循,也是拓跋氏族传统的延续。与汉族王朝相比,北魏宗室担任方镇长官的比例偏高,接近全国总数的三成,但由此引发的宗室变乱却屈指可数,载于史册的仅拓跋道符、元愉、元熙和元法僧四次而已,且叛乱时间短、规模小、威胁有限,与两晋南朝宗室内战频发形成巨大反差。这个局面的出现应归结为北魏行之有效的方镇监控体制,具体包括压缩方镇辖区、缩短长官任期、委派军副分权、利用军佐制衡、设置行台布控、差遣使者督责及扣留人质防范七个方面。诸种举措虽非专门针对宗室,但对其确实产生了强力效用,在保证宗室实现自我价值的基础上维护了秩序的稳定。
[Abstract]:Clan out of town is an important measure to consolidate the local rule in the Northern Wei Dynasty. It is not only a follow-up to the old Wei-Jin system, but also a continuation of the Tuoban clan tradition. Compared with the Han Dynasty, the Northern Wei Dynasty had a high proportion of the patriarchal officials of Fangzhen, close to 30% of the total number of people in the country, but the resulting family disorder was rare. Only the Tuoba Taoist characters, Yuan Yu, Yuan Xi, and Yuan Dharma, which were listed in the annals of history, were only four times. And the insurgency time is short, the scale is small, the threat is limited, and the two Jin and Southern dynasties clan civil war frequently forms the huge contrast. The emergence of this situation should be attributed to the effective monitoring system of Fang Town in the Northern Wei Dynasty, which specifically includes compressing the districts of Fang Town, shortening the term of office of the officers, assigning the deputy military separation of powers, using military support checks and balances, and setting up station layout and control. Sending messengers to supervise and take hostage prevention seven aspects. Although these measures are not specifically aimed at clans, they do have a powerful effect on them and maintain the stability of order on the basis of ensuring their self-worth.
【作者单位】：吉林大学古籍研究所;
【基金】：吉林大学基本科研业务费科学前沿与交叉学科创新项目(2012QY046) 吉林大学“985工程”建设基金项目
【分类号】：K239.21;D691

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