先秦民族思想与民族政策

发布时间：2019-05-21 19:48

【摘要】： 先秦时期的民族思想与民族政策是我国先秦以后二千多年封建社会民族政策的主要渊源和历史依据，它基本上确定了我国古代社会里长期推行的民族政策的主要内容。可以说，在中国民族史研究中，要了解中国数千年民族政策的变迁、民族关系的发展和民族分布格局的变化等，就不能回避先秦时期的发展状况。但由于历史久远，史料不足和真伪难辨问题较为突出，目前学术界对它的研究，与同一时期其它方面如政治制度、经济生活等相比，显得较为薄弱。已有的研究成果，大多散见于一些史论专著和部分专题论文中，迄今系统、全面和深入的专项研究几为空白。本文以传世先秦文献和陆续出土的考古资料为依据，参考古今有关论著，拟在前人研究的基础上，运用传统的历史学和其它相关学科研究方法，力图完整展示先秦时期民族思想、民族政策的产生和发展脉络，探讨先秦时期民族思想的发展与民族产生、国家更替以及与民族政策之间的内在联系，分析先秦民族思想对后世的影响等系列问题。除绪论外，论文共分为七部分：第一部分，我国早期人类的起源、多元分布与传说中的族际交往。考古发掘表明，我国也是人类起源地之一，并逐渐呈现出多元发展形态，形成了早期的多元文化，并彼此不断发生着各种形式的交流。从旧石器时代到新石器时代的数百万年里，人类的多元分布发展为文化特征较为明显和稳定的区系，而传说资料向我们展示了表现为不同文化区系的原始聚落之间的早期族际交往基本概况。第二部分，夏商时期民族思想的产生与民族政策。民族思想伴随着民族的出现而产生。据文献记载，夏、商两代是我国最早的国家形式，而夏建立及初期阶段，东西文化交融孕育了华夏族体的诞生。及至商从夷变夏，华夏族进入了一个全新的发展时期。夏、商两代的民族识别从血缘关系逐渐过渡到地缘关系，然二者的相互渗透并没有彻底剥离。因此，这一时期的民族思想与民族政策虽然始终带有浓厚的血缘关系的特征，却已初步具备了以疆域界限为标志的国家实施地域性民族政治统治的基本形态。第三部分，西周时期民族思想的强化与民族政策。由中原王朝周边各文化区系发展而成的四夷民族逐渐壮大，由于族际交往的进一步增强，各族间利益冲突开始加剧，民族意识随之强化。西周前期，“德治”成为华夏族统驭周边四夷的主导思想，然而，《周礼》却制订了等级森严的尊卑关系，人为地割裂华夷关系，制造民族间不平等，为民族冲突的加剧埋下了隐患。穆王之后，随着国家民族政策的改变，民族矛盾空前激化，华夏政权受到四夷势力的强烈冲击，引发了我国早期的夷夏之辨思潮。第四部分，春秋时期民族思想的争鸣与民族政策。周王室东迁，戎狄入侵中原，“尊王攘夷”成为时代主题，在华夷对立的社会背景下，代表着不同社会阶层的春秋诸子们就如何处理民族问题纷纷阐述己说，与先后继起的春秋五霸民族政策的多元化实践相互借鉴和补充。这一时期，民族融合的趋势在彼此对抗中早已悄然形成，尤其是边缘族体的大量华夏化，使华夏族无论从文化、地域还是人口上都得到了空前的壮大。第五部分，战国时期民族思想的兼融与民族政策。“大一统”、“华夷一体”已然成为全社会的共同期待，“百家争鸣”的诸子们不断总结新的社会实践经验，，相互汲取民族思想成分，在更多共识的基础上，纷纷提出反对战争、华夏一统、实施德治的民族政治主张。战国七雄也在国家民族政策的实践中极大地推动了我国历史上第一次政治、民族、文化和地域等全方位的大融和。第六、七部分，《吕氏春秋》对先秦民族思想的总结和阐释、先秦民族思想的基本内涵及其对后世的影响。秦统一六国前夕，《吕氏春秋》对先秦诸子进行了总结，将民族观与治国理念结合，并上升为新的“天下”观。但由于仓卒成稿，并没有能够完成对各家思想的有机融合与升华，只停留在学说“大杂烩”的层面，因而，秦统一以前的先秦民族思想最终没有得到全面、理性的总结和系统性的重新构架，诸子民族思想的学说事实上是分散和独立的，既没有形成为一个系统化的体系，也无法形成政治意义上的核心凝聚力。尽管如此，它却奠定了后世中国民族思想的基础，并在不同历史阶段因不同的需要而得到了不同角度、不同程度的阐发和运用，从而影响了我国封建社会里曲折、丰富的民族政策发展历程。
[Abstract]:The national policy and the national policy in the pre-Qin period are the main source and historical basis of the national policy of the feudal society of the two thousand years after the pre-Qin period of our country, and it basically determines the main content of the long-term national policy in the ancient society of our country. It can be said that in the study of the national history of China, it is not possible to avoid the development of the pre-Qin period in order to understand the changes of the policy of the Chinese nation for thousands of years, the development of the national relations and the change of the pattern of the national distribution. However, because of the long history, the shortage of historical materials and the difficult to distinguish between the true and the false, the research of the academic circles in the academic circles is relatively weak as compared with other aspects of the same period, such as the political system and the economic life. The existing research results are mostly scattered in some monographs and some special papers, so far the system, comprehensive and in-depth special research has been blank. Based on the literature of the pre-Qin period and the archaeological data unearthed in succession, this paper, based on the ancient and modern theories, is to use the traditional history and other relevant research methods on the basis of the previous studies, and try to fully show the pre-Qin period. The development of the national thought and the development of the national policy in the period of the period of the pre-Qin period and the internal relation between the national policy and the national policy, and the reflection of the national thought of the pre-Qin period on the later generations A series of problems. In addition to the introduction, the paper It is divided into seven parts: the first part, the origin of the early human in China, The archaeological excavation shows that China is one of the origin of the human origin, and it gradually presents a multi-element development form, which forms an early multi-culture, and it In the millions of years from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic Age, the development of the multi-element distribution of human is the more obvious and stable flora of the cultural features, and the legend has shown us the original settlement of different cultural areas. A basic overview of the early interracial interactions. Part Two: The Generation of the National Thought in the Xia-Shang Period; The national policy is produced by the emergence of the nation. According to the literature, Xia and Shang two generations are the earliest form of the country in China, and the establishment and the beginning of the summer In the stage of the period, the blending of the culture of the east and west breeds the birth of the Cathaysian family. From the summer of summer to summer, the Chinese family entered a new period of development. The national identification of the two generations of the Xia and Shang dynasties gradually changed from the blood-related relationship. The relationship between the national and the national policies in this period has always been characterized by a strong blood-related relationship, but it has been preliminarily provided with the boundary of the frontier area as the standard. The state of the country implements the basic form of regional national political rule. The third part, the strengthening of the national thought in the Western Zhou period and the national policy. The four-yi people, which are developed by the various cultural regions around the Central Plains, are gradually expanding, because of the interracial communication. In the early part of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the "Dezhi" became the leading thought of the four-barbarians around the Huaxia Group. As a result of the change of the national policy of the nation, the national contradiction has become more and more intense, and the Chinese government has become more and more concerned with the change of the national policy. The powerful impact of the power of the four-barbarians has caused the early stage of the barbarians in our country. The fourth part, the struggle of the national thought of the Spring and Autumn Period and the national policy. The Zhou Dynasty was moved from the east to the Central Plains, and the "to be a member of the royal family" became the theme of the times and in the opposite society of Huyi. In the background, the scholars of the Spring and Autumn, which represent different social strata, deal with the national problems This period, the trend of national integration has been formed in each other's confrontation, especially the edge family. The large amount of Huaxia of the body, which makes the Huaxia people from the culture, the region or the region In the fifth part, the "Hua Yi as a whole" of the national thought of the Republic of China and the national policy, the "large-scale system" and the "a hundred schools of contend" have become the common expectation of the whole society. On the basis of more consensus, the family thought components, on the basis of more common understanding, put forward the national political opinions against the war, the Cathaysian system and the implementation of the Dezhi. The practice of national policy has greatly promoted the first political, national, cultural and regional integration in the history of our country. The sixth, the seventh part, the "Lu's Spring and Autumn", the summary and interpretation of the thought of the pre-Qin people, the basic connotation of the pre-Qin national thought and its influence on the later generations. The scholars have made a summary, combining the national outlook with the concept of the country and rising to the new "the world" view, but because of the writing of the warehouse, it has not been able to complete the organic integration and sublimation of the ideas, and only stay in the theory "a big-and-white man" At the level of , Qin and the former pre-Qin national thought eventually did not get comprehensive, rational summary and systematic re-construction, Zhu-min The theory of the thought of the family is in fact dispersed and independent, neither is formed as a systematic system nor can it form the core cohesion in the political sense. Nevertheless, it has laid the foundation for the Chinese national thought of the later generations, and it is different in different historical stages
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K225

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