清末地方自治研究

发布时间：2018-02-15 13:41

本文关键词： 清末地方自治民主宪政　出处：《山东大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 清末地方自治运动是国家在内忧外患的情势下,在资本主义经济发展和资产阶级力量壮大的条件下,随着国人对西方政治文明与地方自治理论的逐步认识和探索而深入的。清政府试图通过实施地方自治稳固风雨飘摇的统治,地方自治反映了当时政府以及民众强国御侮的愿望。清末地方自治运动对社会变革的尝试和探索,对以后的政治改革具有重要启示。本文在清末地方自治有关资料的基础上,对地方自治制度进行了探讨。论文正文由五部分组成。其主要内容如下：第一部分是清末地方自治的提出,介绍了甲午战争时期地方自治思想的启蒙,戊戌时期地方自治思想的孕育和20世纪初地方自治思潮的形成与发展。第二部分是清末地方自治的制度设计,先阐述了统治阶层对地方自治的认识,接着从地方自治团体(包括区域的划分、居民及选民资格、地方自治组织及其职权)、地方自治事务、自治监督等方面对地方自治章程进行了规范分析,最后从官方和民间两种模式对地方自治的施行进行了探讨。第三部分是清末地方自治的实践,此部分把地方自治分为官方自治和民间自治分别进行了研究。在官方自治部分,以直隶天津为例,先从组织自治团体、开展选举事宜、设立天津县议事会、董事会以及地方官府监督自治施行等方面对天津自治模式进行了剖析,然后考察了直隶地方自治的全面推行,包括直隶自治人才的培养、上级自治的推进和下级自治的发展。在民间自治部分,以上海城自治公所和苏州市民公社为研究对象,介绍了上海城自治公所的设立、议事会和董事会的选举、自治事务以及自治监督,分析了苏州市民公社的成立、选举制度、组织机构及其运作、事务活动、市民公社与政府、商会之间的关系。第四部分是清末地方自治的价值,探讨了清末地方自治对民国自治的影响,自治在推动中国社会变革中的作用及其历史局限性,最后提到了地方自治对当今社会改革的启示。
[Abstract]:In the late Qing Dynasty, the local autonomy movement was under the conditions of the state's internal and external troubles, the development of capitalist economy and the growing strength of the bourgeoisie. With the gradual understanding and exploration of the western political civilization and the theory of local autonomy, the Qing government tried to enforce the stable and stormy rule of local autonomy. Local autonomy reflected the desire of the government and the people to resist aggression at that time. The attempt and exploration of the local autonomy movement in the late Qing Dynasty had important implications for the political reform in the future. Based on the relevant data of local autonomy in the late Qing Dynasty, This paper probes into the system of local autonomy. The text of the thesis is composed of five parts. The main contents are as follows:. The first part introduces the enlightenment of the thought of local autonomy during the Jiawu War, the gestation of the thought of local autonomy in the Wuxu period and the formation and development of the trend of thought of local autonomy in the early 20th century. The second part is the system design of local autonomy in the late Qing Dynasty. The local self-governing organizations and their functions and powers, local self-government affairs, self-governance supervision and other aspects of the local self-government regulations were normative analysis, and finally from the official and folk two modes of implementation of local autonomy were discussed. The third part is the practice of local autonomy in the late Qing Dynasty. In this part, the local autonomy is divided into official autonomy and folk autonomy. In the official autonomy part, taking Tianjin in Zhili as an example, the election is first carried out from the organization of autonomous organizations. The establishment of Tianjin county council, the board of directors and the local government to supervise the implementation of autonomy were analyzed, and then the comprehensive implementation of Zhili local autonomy, including the cultivation of Zhili autonomous talents, was investigated. The promotion of higher level autonomy and the development of subordinate autonomy. In the part of civil autonomy, taking Shanghai City Autonomous Office and Suzhou Citizen Commune as the research objects, the paper introduces the establishment of Shanghai City Autonomous Office, the election of the council and the board of directors. This paper analyzes the establishment, election system, organization and operation of Suzhou Citizen Commune, as well as its affairs and activities, as well as the relationship between the Civil Commune and the government and the Chamber of Commerce. The 4th part is the value of local autonomy in the late Qing Dynasty. It discusses the influence of local autonomy in the late Qing Dynasty on the autonomy of the Republic of China, the role of autonomy in promoting social change in China and its historical limitations, and finally points out the enlightenment of local autonomy to the social reform today.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K257

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