抗战时期山东地区人口迁移研究

发布时间：2018-03-17 03:04

本文选题：抗战时期　切入点：人口迁移　出处：《曲阜师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：二十世纪三四十年代，日本发动的侵华战争给中华民族带来了深重的灾难。由于战祸，加上自然灾害的破坏，，导致了大规模的人口迁移。山东地区由于战前人口密度大，加上沦陷时间早，持续时间长，其人口迁移更具有代表性和典型性。山东作为日本占领较早的区域，为躲避日军的烧杀淫掳，大批难民自发性地举家迁移。山东难民的自发迁移因受战局演变的影响又呈现出时段性，即主要发生在战火纷飞时期以及日军进行频繁“扫荡”和治安强化运动期间。由于没有专门的组织，其迁移流向和地域分布都较为广泛。在省内主要是随着战争的进程而在临近的市县以及城乡之间相互躲避，这样就使一些大城市，如济南、青岛等人口变动特别剧烈。除省内各县市互避外，迁往省外者也不少，其中迁往东北的人数最多，其次是迁往西南、西北大后方者，另有部分难民流落南方各省。抗战时期，山东又是日伪劳工的主要供应地之一，因此以劳工为主体的强制迁移的人数也相当惊人。日伪通过骗招、抓捕、强征以及使用“特殊工人”等手段大量掳掠山东劳工。被掠劳工的去向，也随着日本所谓“产业开发计划”的调整而变化。战争初期，基于日本对满洲国的“开发建设”，劳工主要是被掠往东北地区；1939年初日本在蒙疆实施了“产业开发三年计划”，大批廉价的强制劳工被运往蒙疆地区；后来，随着日本战时经济的需要，日本政府和大企业又把大量山东劳工运到日本充当苦工。由于抗战时期山东地区的人口迁移数目巨大，其所带来的影响也是不可低估的。首先，人口迁移极大地提高了民众的民族和国家意识；其次，在一定程度上削弱了日军的侵略势力，支援了抗日战争；第三，推动了迁入地经济的开发。同时，人口迁移也带来了一些消极的影响和社会问题：导致了许多“无人区”的出现，影响了各地的正常生产，加重了民众的负担，使人民生活更加困苦，加剧了疾病的流行等。
[Abstract]:In 20th century, the war of aggression against China launched by Japan brought a serious disaster to the Chinese nation. As a result of the war disaster and the destruction of natural disasters, it led to large-scale population migration. The Shandong region had a high population density before the war. In addition, its population migration is more representative and typical due to its early fall and long duration. As an early area occupied by Japan, in order to avoid the Japanese army's burning and killing, a large number of refugees moved spontaneously from their families. The spontaneous migration of Shandong refugees was affected by the evolution of the war situation. That is, mainly during the period of the war and the frequent "sweep" and intensified public security campaigns carried out by the Japanese army. Since there is no specialized organization, Its migration direction and geographical distribution are relatively wide. In the province, mainly along with the course of the war, they shun each other in neighboring cities and counties as well as between urban and rural areas, thus causing some big cities, such as Jinan, to avoid each other. In addition to the cities and counties within the province to avoid each other, there are many who moved to the northeast, followed by the move to the southwest, northwest rear areas, and some refugees to the southern provinces. During the War of Resistance against Japan, Shandong was also one of the main suppliers of Japanese and bogus labor, so the number of forced migrations with labor as the main body was quite striking. Forced conscription and the use of "special workers" and other means of mass abduction of Shandong workers. The fate of the abducted workers also changed with the adjustment of Japan's so-called "industrial development plan." at the beginning of the war, Based on Japan's "development and construction" of Manchukuo, the labor force was mainly plundered to the northeast region. In early 1939, Japan carried out a "three-year industrial development plan" in Mongolia. A large number of cheap and compulsory workers were shipped to the Mongolian region; later, With the need of Japan's wartime economy, the Japanese government and large enterprises sent a large number of Shandong workers to Japan to work as drudgery. Because of the huge population migration in Shandong during the War of Resistance against Japan, its impact should not be underestimated. Firstly, the population migration greatly enhanced the national and national consciousness of the people; second, the population migration greatly improved the national and national consciousness of the people. To a certain extent, it weakened the invading forces of the Japanese army and supported the War of Resistance against Japan. Third, it promoted the development of the economy of the resettlement areas. At the same time, Population migration has also brought some negative effects and social problems: it has led to the emergence of many "no-man 's areas", affected the normal production in various places, increased the burden of the people, made people's lives more difficult, and increased the prevalence of diseases, etc.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C924.2;K265

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