战争、国家与女性：抗战时期宋美龄的妇女动员

发布时间：2018-03-17 06:00

本文选题：战争　切入点：国家　出处：《浙江大学》2011年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自近代以来,妇女解放总是在国家、民族的语境下阐释。1937年日本侵华战争爆发后,每一位中国妇女在挣脱传统束缚、追求自由平等的同时,需要肩负起救亡图存的民族重任。战争导致了人力、物力的极度匮乏,国民政府发出抗战救国的口号,广大妇女成为各种社会力量急需动员的对象。宋美龄身为“国家第一夫人”在妇女动员的过程中附有特殊的影响力,她既可以让妇女动员工作取得极为难得的政治资源,又可以尽可能地消除来自基层社会和民众的抵制和冷漠。为快速、有效地动员妇女投身抗战救援事业,社会各界妇女纷纷表达了由宋美龄领导全国妇女动员工作的希望。本文通过考察抗战时期宋美龄的妇女动员工作,研究了宋美龄妇女动员的思想基础、组织能力及实践能力,并阐述了宋美龄对战时妇女解放问题的思考及其历史贡献。战时妇女动员中,宋美龄通过舆论宣传、慰劳前线、保育儿童、发展生产、训练妇女等工作,以实际行动做出表率,在抵抗日本侵略的过程中成功扮演了全国妇女领袖的角色,促成了全国妇女力量的联合与团结。作为国家政权的女性代表,她的动员工作在一定程度上唤醒了部分女性的解放意识,通过培训妇女干部、建立妇女动员组织、扩展妇女社会事业,为中国培养了一批女性革命力量,同时缓解了妇女们因战前开展新生活运动而对国民政府引发的不满,在一定程度上帮助执政党实现了控制妇女运动的愿望,便于国民政府把妇女运动纳入到战时统治轨道中。宋美龄领导的妇女动员工作将妇女的活动与国家、民族的需要联系起来,运用全国性的妇女组织动员和塑造女性。她强调女性的社会权利、地位与作用,强调女性应该参与社会活动,要求妇女在战时承担拯救国家民族的重任,主张让妇女在抗战救援工作中实现自身的价值；但另一方面,她却强化了妇女在家庭及社会中的从属地位,回避、淡化妇女的政治诉求,在妇女与国家之间仅仅构建了单向的责任和义务,其实质不是追求真正的妇女解放。
[Abstract]:Since modern times, women's liberation has always been explained in the context of the state and nation. After the Japanese War of aggression against China broke out in 1937, every Chinese woman broke away from the traditional shackles and pursued freedom and equality at the same time. The war led to a severe shortage of manpower and material resources, and the National Government issued the slogan of fighting against Japan and saving the nation. As the "first lady of the country", Song Mei-ling has a special influence in the process of women's mobilization, and she can not only give women mobilization work to obtain extremely rare political resources, In addition, as far as possible, resistance and indifference from grass-roots society and the public can be eliminated. In order to mobilize women quickly and effectively to join the cause of resistance and rescue, Women from all walks of life have expressed the hope that Song Mei-ling will lead the mobilization work of women throughout the country. By investigating the mobilization of women in Song Mei-ling during the War of Resistance against Japan, this paper studies the ideological basis, organizational ability and practical ability of the mobilization of women in Song Meiling. And elaborated Song Meiling to the wartime woman liberation question ponder and the historical contribution. In the mobilization of women during the war, Song Mei-ling set an example through public opinion propaganda, comfort the front line, child care, development of production, training of women, and so on. Successfully played the role of national women leader in the process of resisting the Japanese aggression, and contributed to the unity and unity of the national women's forces. To a certain extent, her mobilization work awakened the emancipation consciousness of some women. Through training women cadres, setting up women's mobilization organizations, expanding women's social undertakings, she cultivated a number of women's revolutionary forces for China. At the same time, it alleviates the dissatisfaction of women with the national government because of the new life movement before the war, and to a certain extent helps the ruling party to realize the desire of controlling the women's movement, which is convenient for the national government to bring the women's movement into the track of wartime rule. Song Mei-ling 's work on women's mobilization links women's activities to the needs of the country and the nation, and uses national women's organizations to mobilize and shape women. She emphasizes women's social rights, status, and role. Emphasizing that women should participate in social activities, asking women to shoulder the responsibility of saving the nation in wartime, and advocating that women should realize their own value in the relief work of the War of Resistance against Japan; but on the other hand, However, she strengthened the subordinate position of women in the family and society, shunned and desalinated women's political demands, and constructed only one-way responsibilities and obligations between women and the state, the essence of which was not to pursue the real emancipation of women.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K265.9

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