抗战时期重庆城市轮渡事业研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 00:40

本文选题：抗战 + 重庆　；参考：《重庆师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：重庆拥有着其独特的地理环境,被称为“山城”,传统的陆上交通工具有轿子、滑竿等主要的代步工具。重庆处于长江和嘉陵江之交汇处,城市的水上交通工具在轮渡尚未出现以前主要是木渡,但是木船渡江方式存在着诸多风险,翻船事故时常发生。随着城市不断扩大,道路的修建,码头的管理,航道的整治,新型的水上交通工具出现在江面。轮渡的出现对重庆市民来说,无疑是一种更安全更有效率的新的渡江工具,轮渡实际上也是在木船渡的基础上发展起来的。抗日战争爆发以后,国民政府迁都至渝,许多政府机构,学校以及工厂都内迁重庆,许多难民也沿长江纷纷从下游而迁至重庆,因此使得重庆人口大量增加,重庆城市规模不断扩大,其政治经济地位迅速上升。1938年1月,重庆正式开办了储奇门到海棠溪的第一条轮渡航线,可谓是应时而生。1938年9月,重庆轮渡股份有限公司正式成立标志着重庆城市的轮渡事业逐渐发展起来。抗战期间经营重庆城市轮渡的有两家轮渡公司,除了1938年成立的重庆轮渡股份有限公司以外,还有1944年10月成立的渝工轮渡股份有限公司。由于后者在1945年才正式开航,因此探究重庆城市轮渡事业在抗战时期的发展将主要以重庆轮渡股份有限公司为主线。重庆城市轮渡事业在兴起发展时,经历着日机对重庆的大轰炸,毋庸置疑,遭受了大轰炸带来的灾难和损失,但是在这样恶劣的条件下,重庆城市轮渡事业在困境中生存并发展起来,并且在抗战时期,开办多条轮渡航线,将重庆城区、南岸、江北更密切的联系起来,给市民提供了渡江便利。在发展过程中,重庆轮渡公司逐渐完善公司的组织系统,分工明确,有效的提高工作效率;制定了众多具体的规定,对售票制度的制定、囤船的管理、以及对轮渡安全问题的重视,再加上政府的管理,都是轮渡事业发展起来不可或缺的因素。但在发展过程中,也有诸多局限性所在。在轮渡公司创办之初便有船帮为了生计而阻挠;因天气或业务人员的疏忽出现的安全事故;贪污现象不能完全杜绝,影响着轮渡的财政收入;之后又因物价上涨,票价增长速度远远不及物价增涨速度。1941年以后,轮渡公司出现亏损现象,政府给予相应补贴,并且为了节约开支,轮渡公司还制定了奖金办法,一定程度上改善了财政问题。最值得提及的是在抗战期间轮渡事业所做得贡献。它成为重庆城市重要的公用事业,为渝中半岛、江北及南岸的市民渡江提供了方便。促进了重庆市政建设的完善,也促进了重庆的近代化和城市化发展。大轰炸时,肩负着输送难民的任务,时常免费输送市民,为市民所称颂。这项新兴起来的事业凭借独有的优势为抗战做出了重要的贡献。
[Abstract]:Chongqing has its unique geographical environment, known as "mountain city", traditional land vehicles have sedan chair, pole and other main means of movement. Chongqing is at the junction of the Yangtze River and Jialing River. Before the ferry, the main vehicle is wooden ferry, but there are many risks in the way of crossing the river by wooden boat, and accidents of capsizing often occur. With the expansion of cities, the construction of roads, the management of wharfs and the regulation of waterways, new types of water vehicles appear on the river. The appearance of ferry is undoubtedly a safer and more efficient means of crossing the river to the citizens of Chongqing. In fact, the ferry is also developed on the basis of wooden ferry. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, the National Government moved its capital to Chongqing, many government agencies, schools and factories moved inside Chongqing, and many refugees moved to Chongqing along the Yangtze River from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. As a result, the population of Chongqing was greatly increased. In January 1938, Chongqing officially opened the first ferry route from Chungking to Haitang Creek, which was born in time. In September 1938, The establishment of Chongqing Ferry Co., Ltd. marks the gradual development of the city ferry industry in Chongqing. During the Anti-Japanese War, there were two ferry companies operating Chongqing City Ferry. In addition to Chongqing Ferry Co., Ltd., which was established in 1938, there was also Yugong Ferry Co., Ltd. established in October 1944. Since the latter was not formally set sail until 1945, the development of Chongqing City Ferry in the Anti-Japanese War period will mainly take Chongqing Ferry Co., Ltd as the main line. During the rise and development of the city ferry industry in Chongqing, it went through the Japanese bombing of Chongqing. Undoubtedly, it suffered the disaster and losses caused by the big bombing. But under such bad conditions, The city ferry industry in Chongqing survived and developed in the predicament, and during the War of Resistance against Japan, many ferry routes were opened, which connected Chongqing city, south bank and north of the Yangtze River more closely, and provided convenience for citizens to cross the river. In the process of development, Chongqing Ferry Company has gradually perfected the company's organizational system, assigned a clear division of labor, effectively improved its working efficiency, formulated numerous specific regulations, formulated the ticketing system, and managed the ship hoarding. The importance of ferry safety and the management of the government are the indispensable factors in the development of ferry industry. However, in the process of development, there are many limitations. At the beginning of the establishment of the ferry company, there were boat gangs obstructing them for their livelihood; safety accidents caused by the negligence of weather or business personnel; corruption could not be completely eliminated, which affected the ferry revenue; and then, because of the rise in prices, After 1941, the ferry company made a loss, the government subsidized it, and in order to save money, the ferry company also worked out a bonus scheme, which improved the financial problem to some extent. What is most worthy of mention is the contribution made by the ferry industry during the War of Resistance against Japan. It has become an important public utility in Chongqing city, providing convenience for the citizens of Yuzhong Peninsula, northern Yangtze River and south bank to cross the river. It also promotes the modernization and urbanization of Chongqing. During the bombardment, they carried the task of transporting refugees, often free of charge and praised by the citizens. This new cause made an important contribution to the War of Resistance by virtue of its unique advantages.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K265

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