试析西汉前期功臣列侯宗室诸王相制相依之局

发布时间：2018-01-20 15:26

本文关键词： 西汉前期皇帝功臣列侯宗室诸王相制相依之局　出处：《安徽师范大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：汉帝国从高帝末期开始,逐渐出现了皇帝、功臣列侯、宗室诸王三足并立、相互制衡的政治格局,笔者倾向于使用“功臣列侯宗室诸王相制相依之局”这一概念来概括他们之间复杂的政治关系。此局形成于惠帝时期,在高后末期展露无遗,经过文景时期汉法改革浪潮的冲击,最后在七国之乱后走向瓦解。它构成了西汉前期高层政治发展的主要内容,吕后执政、诸吕之难、帝位之争、汉法改革等等一系列重大的历史事件无不含纳于此局之中。此局在现实的政治运作中主要表现为以下几种历史形态:内外相依以诛诸吕、内外相依以制文帝和内外相依以制景帝,这是功臣列侯与宗室诸王相依相持以制皇帝的反映;内外相制以立代王、居内制外以辅文帝和居内制外以保景帝,这是功臣列侯或宗室诸王倚向皇帝以制其中之一的反映。全文共分为六个部分。第一部分为导言,主要说明问题的由来、研究现状、本文的核心概念和创新之处。第二部分论证了“功臣列侯宗室诸王相制相依之局”形成于惠帝时期,主要是以二元帝国权力结构的出现和功臣列侯退出王国政府为标志。第三部分分析高后时期“功臣列侯宗室诸王相制相依之局”的运作过程,主要说明吕后旨在“连根固本”的一系列政策强行改变了二元帝国权力结构,激化了刘吕婚姻集团与功臣列侯、宗室诸王之间的矛盾,最终酿成了葬送刘吕婚姻集团的诸吕之难,而在重建皇权的过程中,实力较弱的代王刘恒因功臣列侯与宗室诸王的相互制衡而幸运地入继大统。第四部分先是分析代王继位的合法性问题,接着还原文帝继位之初在功臣列侯的支持下逼死宗室诸王中之齐哀、楚元两王的历史真相,然后以贾谊左迁、晁错用事、刘长之死、七国之乱等四个重大的历史事件为分析对象,力图展现七国之乱前“功臣列侯宗室诸王相制相依之局”在现实政治中的运作过程。第五部分分析“功臣列侯宗室诸王相制相依之局”瓦解的历史过程,主要是阐明景帝中元五年王国制度改革与文景时期痛绳列侯的政策基本上剥夺了宗室诸王的王国自治权和功臣列侯的决策主导权,改变了高帝时代就已确立的二元帝国权力结构。这个过程显示了汉帝国由联合帝国向专制帝国演变的最后阶段。第六部分为余论,主要论述“功臣列侯宗室诸王相制相依之局”逐渐走向崩解的主要原因,力图说明汇集民望与君欲的儒生文吏的政治追求在此局的崩解过程中发挥了巨大的作用。
[Abstract]:The Han Empire began from the end of the high emperor, gradually appeared the emperor, meritorious officials, monarchs and kings stand side by side, checks and balances between the political pattern. The author tends to use the concept of "the system of depending on the princes of the meritorious princes and princes" to generalize the complex political relations between them, which was formed in the period of Huidi and fully exposed at the end of the high post period. After the impact of the reform of Han and France during the period of literature and scenery, it finally disintegrated after the chaos of the Seven Kingdoms. It constituted the main content of the high-level political development in the early Western Han Dynasty. Han-France reform and a series of major historical events are not included in this situation. In the actual political operation, the main manifestations of this situation are as follows: internal and external dependence in order to kill Lu, internal and external dependence in order to control the emperor and internal and external dependence in order to make King. This is a reflection of the emperor's system by which the meritorious officials and the princes depend on each other. The internal and external system was made to replace the king, the internal system and the external system to assist the emperor, and the internal system to protect the King, which is a reflection of the meritorious officials or the royal families to one of the emperors. This paper is divided into six parts. The first part is the introduction, mainly explains the origin of the problem, the status quo of the research, the core concepts and innovations of this paper. The second part demonstrates that the formation of the "imperial clan system dependent on each other" was mainly marked by the emergence of the power structure of the dualistic empire and the withdrawal of the meritorious princes from the Royal Government. The third part analyzes the operation process of "the system of the princes of the meritorious officials and the princes" during the period of the high post period, which mainly explains that a series of policies aimed at "connecting the roots and securing the roots" have forcibly changed the power structure of the dualistic empire. Intensified the Liu Lu marriage group and meritorious officials line Hou, the monarchs of the kings, eventually led to the destruction of Liu Lu marriage group of Lu difficult, and in the process of rebuilding imperial power. Liu Heng, the weaker king, was lucky to succeed because of the checks and balances between the imperial princes and the imperial princes. The 4th part first analyzes the legitimacy of the succession of the king on behalf of the king, then at the beginning of the restoration of the emperor Wen Di forced the death of all the kings of the royal family under the support of the meritorious officials and hou, and the historical truth of the two kings of the Chu and Yuan dynasties, and then moved to the left of Jia Yi. Chao Misuse, Liu Chang's death and the chaos of the Seven Kingdoms are four major historical events as the object of analysis, in order to show the operation process of "the system of the kings of the meritorious officials and the princes before the chaos of the seven kingdoms" in the realistic politics. Part 5th analyzes the historical process of the collapse of "the system of the kings of the meritorious officials and the princes." The main purpose of this paper is to clarify the system reform of King Emperor in the five years of the Yuan Dynasty and the policy of "Tongshenglianhou" in the period of Wen Jing, which basically deprives the imperial kings of their autonomy of the kingdom and the decision-making leading power of the meritorious princes. It changed the power structure of the dualistic Empire which had been established in the era of the High Emperor. This process showed the last stage of the evolution of the Han Empire from the United Empire to the autocratic Empire. The 6th part is the conclusion, mainly discusses the main reason of the gradual disintegration of "the system of the royal families of the meritorious officials and the princes" gradually disintegrating. This paper tries to explain that the political pursuit of Confucian literati who collected popularity and monarch's desire played a great role in the disintegration of this situation.
【学位授予单位】：安徽师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K234.1

【引证文献】