乾嘉海氛：清中期的雷州海盗

发布时间：2018-03-07 02:02

本文选题：清中期　切入点：雷州府　出处：《广东省社会科学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：乾隆五十四年(1789),浙、闽、粤沿海地区开始出现小股海盗,短短数年之间,这些零星的小规模海盗团伙竟发展成有组织的“行动中的海盗联盟”,他们对统治秩序的一次次挑战,终于引起官方水师的大规模剿捕。地处广东西路要冲之地的雷州府,海盗活动极为猖獗,纵横粤西洋面竟达二十年。如何剿灭海盗,成为历任两广总督面临的难题。那么,雷州海盗是在怎样的环境下滋生的,又是如何走向兴盛及至覆亡的,是本文探讨的主要问题。作为海上活动群体,海盗的活动离不开雷州特定的自然与人文环境。一方面,海盗的劫掠行为一方面是海盗这一社会边缘群体在残酷的自然环境下做出的生存策略,另一方面,海盗的活动也深受当地民风、民间信仰等因素的影响。以乌石二大帮的发展历程为代表,雷州海盗的发展具有明显的阶段性特征,这既是海盗自身发展的结果,也是海盗群体对外部力量如官府的剿捕行动做出反应的表现。同时,海盗又处于沿海社会的复杂关系网络之中,与其他各群体如岸上之民、水师以及其他地域的海盗都有密切联系。1802年,安南西山政权的败亡,导致大批广东海盗重返粤洋,加剧了广东洋面的动荡局势。在海氛日炽的严峻形势下,清廷做出了积极的反应,实现了从那彦成督粤时期的“前期主剿,后期主抚”到百龄时期的“以剿为主,以抚为辅”这一策略的转变。最终,各海盗大帮土崩瓦解,雷州海盗首领或投首,或被戮,雷州洋面一时得以安定。
[Abstract]:In 54 years of Qianlong, a small number of pirates began to appear in the coastal areas of Zhejiang, Fujian, and Guangdong. In just a few years, these sporadic and small-scale pirate groups actually developed into organized "operational pirate coalitions," and they challenged the ruling order time and again. Finally, it caused a large-scale suppression and arrest by the official watermen. The Leizhou Capital, which is located in the place where Guangdong West Road is about to be washed, is extremely rampant in piracy, covering the western part of Guangdong for twenty years. How to stamp out pirates has become a difficult problem faced by successive governors of Guangdong and Guangdong. The main problem discussed in this paper is how the pirates of Leizhou are bred under what kind of environment, and how to prosper and perish. As a group of maritime activities, pirate activities can not be separated from the specific natural and human environment of Leizhou. On the one hand, the pirate activities are inseparable from the specific natural and human environment of Leizhou. On the one hand, piracy is the survival strategy of the society's marginal groups in the cruel natural environment, on the other hand, piracy activities are also deeply popular in the local people. The influence of folk beliefs and other factors. Taking the development course of the two major gangs of Urshi as a representative, the development of pirates in Leizhou has obvious stage characteristics, which is the result of the development of pirates themselves. It is also an expression of the response of pirate groups to the suppression and arrest operations by outside forces such as the government. At the same time, pirates are in the complex network of relations between coastal societies and other groups, such as people on the shore, Watermen and pirates from other regions have close ties. In 1802, the defeat of the regime of the West Hill of Annan led to the return of a large number of Guangdong pirates back to Guangdong, exacerbating the turbulent situation in the Guangdong Sea. The Qing government made a positive response and realized the transformation of the strategy from the period of Nayan Cheng to the period of "main suppression in the early period," from the period of the later period to the period of century-old "focusing on suppression, with the help of caress". In the end, the large groups of pirates fell apart. Thunderstate pirate leader or cast a head, or be killed, Thunderland is temporarily stable.
【学位授予单位】：广东省社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K249.3

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