八旗、保甲与清前期社会结构

发布时间：2018-05-03 02:40

本文选题：八旗 + 保甲　；参考：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2017年01期

【摘要】：明清政权更迭不仅带来国家政策调整,而且带来社会分层结构的改变。其中最突出的因素是随着原为边疆地区性制度的八旗体系通过中央权力辐射全国,在整个社会体系中构成一个依附于皇室同时相对于社会其他人群又享有多方面特权的特殊阶层,从而使层级性社会区分大幅度凸显。八旗的特殊地位以及八旗体系内部的多层级身份区分,扩大了依附性社会关系的规模并增加了底层人口奴仆化的通路。清中期以后,奴仆通过买赎等方式上升为庶民的途径有所拓宽,一些前代既有的贱民也在法律上获得了与庶民相等的地位,但抵至清中后期,依附性社会关系仍然普遍存在。保甲制度作为社会控制的主要手段在清前期普遍推行,体现帝制体系政治专制与社会等级深化的深度结合。社会结构在清代的此种推演,与商品经济在明清两代相继活跃繁荣相比,显示更多的断裂性。
[Abstract]:The change of political power in Ming and Qing Dynasties not only brought about the adjustment of national policy, but also brought about the change of social stratification structure. The most prominent factor was that the Eight Banners system which was originally a frontier regional system was radiated through the central power through the central power, and in the whole social system, it was attached to the royal family and enjoyed many aspects relative to the other groups of the society. The special class of privileges makes the distinction between the hierarchical society prominent. The special status of the eight banners and the multi-layer identities within the Eight Banners system expand the scale of the dependent social relations and increase the access to the slaves of the bottom population. After the mid Qing Dynasty, the ways of the servants to rise to the common people through redemption and other ways have been widened after the middle of the Qing Dynasty. Some former Untouchables have been equal to the common people in the law, but from the late Qing Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty, the dependent social relations still exist. As the main means of social control, the guard system is widely carried out in the early Qing Dynasty, reflecting the deep combination of political despotism and the deepening of social hierarchy in the system of monarchy. Compared with the commodity economy in the two dynasties of Ming and Qing Dynasties, this kind of deduction shows more fragmentation.

【作者单位】：东北师范大学亚洲文明研究院;
【基金】：东北师范大学重点学科方向建设项目
【分类号】：K249

【参考文献】