论科道对明代政治的影响

发布时间：2018-06-05 03:11

  本文选题：科道 + 监察　； 参考：《辽宁师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：科道是明代中央政治体制中专司言论的机构,即言官,为六科与十三道的简称。科道官作为明代官僚集团中的一个特殊的群体,他们参与了明代几乎所有的重大政治事件,使得有明代的政治被深深地打上了科道的烙印。 首先,对于统治者谏言的思想早在上古时期就存在.到了战国时期开始出现专职谏言的官员和管理言官的机构.后来经过不断的制度完善和权利调整,言官系统逐渐的成型并发展.言官制度在明代达到了一个高峰.六科和都察院虽然权利略有重叠,但是在各自不同的范围内发挥着巨大的政治作用. 明代的科道虽然是由前代制度发展而来的,但是它也具有自己的特点.首先,明代的科道官的品级不高,品级不高就代表官员较为年轻和官场阅历较少.这些官场上的“愣头青”为科道带来了锐意进取的政治风气。其次,明代的科道官士气是非常高涨的,这在中国历史上也是较为少见的。这也是科道对明代政治影响巨大的原因之一 谈到影响,我认为应先从明代的科道主要作用说起。明代的科道的主要作用有三点：第一,明代的科道通过对于皇帝的监督以及对权臣和宦官的牵制有效的加强了皇权。第二,明代的科道可以对官吏实行监督,通过弹劾等手段有效的震慑了贪官污吏。第三,科道在缓和社会矛盾和引导舆论上的作用也是不可小视的。 但是,到了明代的中后期,科道出现了较大的蜕变。其主要体现在渎职、贪污和党争三大方面。对于科道蜕变的原因,我进行了分析后认为主要有两个原因：科道的制度有先天的缺陷和明代中后期整体政治环境的恶化
[Abstract]:Kedao is a special organization of speech in the central political system of Ming Dynasty, that is, speech official, which is abbreviated to six branches and thirteen ways. As a special group of bureaucrats in the Ming Dynasty, Ke Dao officials took part in almost all the major political events in the Ming Dynasty, which made the politics of the Ming Dynasty deeply branded as Kedao. First of all, the thought of the ruler's admonition existed as early as in ancient times. To the warring States period began to appear full-time admonition of officials and management of the organization. Later, after continuous system improvement and power adjustment, the speech system gradually formed and developed. The system of language officials reached a peak in the Ming Dynasty. Although the six branches and the Capital Court have a slight overlap of powers, they play a huge political role in their respective spheres. Although the branch-Dao of Ming Dynasty developed from the system of the previous generation, it also has its own characteristics. First of all, the rank of officials in Ming Dynasty is not high. These officialdom of the "dumb young" for the Department of Road has brought a progressive political atmosphere. Secondly, the morale of the officials in the Ming Dynasty was very high, which was rare in Chinese history. This is one of the reasons why Kedao had a great influence on the politics of Ming Dynasty. When it comes to influence, I think we should start with the main role of science and Taoism in Ming Dynasty. There are three main functions of the Ke Dao in the Ming Dynasty: first, the imperial power was effectively strengthened through the supervision of the emperor and the restraint of the imperial officials and eunuchs. Second, the Ming Dynasty can supervise the officials, through impeachment and other means effectively deterred corrupt officials. Third, the role of Kedao in easing social contradictions and guiding public opinion should not be underestimated. However, in the mid-and late Ming Dynasty, Kedao appeared a great transformation. Its main manifestation is dereliction of duty, embezzlement and party contention three big respects. After analyzing the reasons for the transformation of science and Taoism, I think that there are two main reasons: the innate defects of the system of science and Taoism and the deterioration of the overall political environment in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K248

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本文编号：1980196