六世班禅额尔德尼研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 18:20

本文选题：六世班禅额尔德尼 + 清中央政府　；参考：《中央民族大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：六世班禅额尔德尼巴丹益西(以下简称“六世班禅”),不仅是藏传佛教格鲁派的宗教领袖之一,而且是一位成长于“乾隆盛世”时期、活跃于西藏地方政教格局“由乱入定”调整期的重要历史人物。纵观六世班禅一生,其时刻以维护稳定、促进和平为己任。在参与西藏地方政治事务过程中,六世班禅积极发挥和平调解作用,使得班禅系统业已形成的“第三方和平力量”的传统角色得以传承和延续。在处理西藏地方的宗教事务过程中,六世班禅在八世达赖喇嘛的认定问题上起到了决定性作用,从而保证了西藏地方宗教权力的平稳过渡,之后,在八世达赖喇嘛的培养与教育过程中倾尽全力,并与其保持了良好的协作关系,从而为维护西藏地方政教格局的稳定发展做出了重大贡献。在个人对外交往过程中,六世班禅做到了“有理、有利、有节”,不仅成功调解了第一次“英不战争”,并在与英国东印度公司侵略势力的周旋过程中,保持了高度的政治理性,展现出优秀的政治智慧和交往技巧,以实际行动维护了祖国的统一。在与清中央政府的政治互动方面,六世班禅为维护中央政府在西藏地方的权威地位贡献颇多,最终,作为清代唯一一位东来朝觐的班禅,其再次用政治实践印证了班禅系统始终秉承的维护祖国统一与民族团结的爱国政治品格。六世班禅身为宗教领袖,不仅具有鲜明的性格特点,也给时人以相对迥异的印象与观感。在朝觐途中对待预防天花的问题上,六世班禅展现出了“过度”的自信。在崇信藏传佛教的乾隆帝的宗教视野中,六世班禅是一位可敬的宗教上师。在英国东印度公司使者乔治·波格尔看来,六世班禅是一位幽默开朗、兴趣广泛的中年人。在朝鲜使臣朴趾源眼中,六世班禅则是“肉多骨少,无清明英俊之气”的具有神通法术的“西番圣僧”。而在“惜抱先生”姚鼐笔下,六世班禅却以佛理辩论中败于达天禅师的、过度受宠的“番僧”形象出现。由上可知,针对六世班禅进行全面、系统性的学术研究,可为清代中央政府与西藏地方关系史研究、藏传佛教史研究、英国涉藏史研究等一些相关重要历史问题提供强有力的理论支撑。同时,不仅能够增进大众对班禅系统的历史认知,而且对近一步增强藏族同胞的爱国情怀等亦具有重要的现实意义。截至目前,国内外学界尚未有六世班禅研究的专著问世,关于六世班禅的研究还欠缺整体性。一方面,目前国内关于六世班禅的研究仍然停留在附带性与专题性阶段,研究焦点仍集中于六世班禅朝觐这一重要历史事件方面,而对其朝觐前历史活动的研究,则亟待深入；另一方面,以英文文献为代表的国外研究成果对六世班禅的关注,则仍停留在英国涉藏史实研究和乔治·波格尔等涉藏人物研究过程中的附带性提及阶段,同时,对六世班禅这一宗教领袖在当时西藏的政治作用,大多做了“一厢情愿”式的夸大。由此,本文将以马克思主义哲学体系中的辩证唯物主义与历史主义为指导,以文献研究与实地考察相结合作为主要研究方法,对六世班禅开展整体性、系统性研究,力争做到“史论结合”。同时,本文将不执着于浓墨重彩式的正面描写与众星拱月造像般的主观论述,力争客观展示-位宗教领袖的真实人生轨迹。本文共分八章,现将主旨概述如下：第一章,着力探讨六世班禅的诞生与坐床过程；第二章,详细论述六世班禅与颇罗鼐家族成员的交往经历；第三章,深入求证六世班禅在八世达赖喇嘛寻访、认定过程中的决定性作用及影响；第四章,对六世班禅对外交往活动进行详细解析,揭示“六世班禅致瓦伦·哈斯丁斯信函”的最早版本,重点研究其与乔治·波格尔的政教交锋与文化交流；第五章,以对乾隆朝的藏传佛教政策和乾隆帝个人的藏传佛教信仰的分析为理论基础,来具体求证在乾隆帝眼中,关于六世班禅的形象定位；第六章,将集中讨论乾隆朝达赖喇嘛、班禅额尔德尼朝觐年班制度,以此解析清中央政府为六世班禅朝觐提供的制度保障；第七章,将详细论述六世班禅朝觐的始末与影响,重点考证其朝觐路,并讨论乾隆帝在朝觐接待过程中的“破例”之举；第八章,将对六世班禅与天花的关系,其与德寿寺、宗镜大昭之庙的关系,并对《热河日记》、《啸亭杂录》、《惜抱轩笔记》、《西域考古录》、《清凉山志》等文史作品中的六世班禅形象、及六世班禅与达天通理之晤等进行创新性研究。
[Abstract]:The sixth Panchen Panchen Panchen (hereinafter referred to as "the sixth Panchen") is not only one of the religious leaders of the Tibetan Buddhist sect, but also an important historical figure in the period of "the Emperor Qianlong flourishing age", which is active in the "disorderly" adjustment period in Tibet's local political and educational pattern.
Throughout the whole life of the sixth Panchen Panchen Lama, the moment was to maintain stability and promote peace. In the process of participating in the local political affairs of Tibet, the sixth Panchen Panchen actively played the role of Peace mediation, which made the traditional role of the "third party peace force" formed in the Panchen system. The sixth Panchen Lama played a decisive role in the identification of the eighth Darai Lama, thus ensuring a smooth transition of the local religious power in Tibet. After that, he did his best in the training and education of the eighth Darai Lama, and maintained a good cooperative relationship with it, so as to maintain the stable development of the local political and educational pattern in Tibet. In the process of personal foreign communication, the sixth Panchen Panchen has done the "rational, favorable, and a festival". It not only successfully mediated the first "British non war", but also maintained a high political rationality in the course of the invasion of the British East India Co, showing excellent political wisdom and communication skills. Action maintained the unity of the motherland. In the political interaction with the central government of the Qing Dynasty, the sixth Panchen Panchen contributed a lot to the authority of the central government in Tibet, and finally, as the only pilgrimage to the East in the Qing Dynasty, once again confirmed the maintenance of the unity of the motherland and the unity of the nation by the political practice. Patriotic political character.
The sixth Panchen Panchen as a religious leader not only has distinct character characteristics, but also gives the people a relatively different impression and impression. In the pilgrimage to prevent smallpox on the way to the pilgrimage, the sixth Panchen Lama displayed "excessive" self-confidence. In the religious view of Emperor Qianlong of Tibetan Buddhism in Chongxin, the sixth Panchen Panchen is a respectable religious teacher. In the view of George Pogl, the British East India Co envoy, the sixth Panchen Panchen is a humorous and open-minded middle-aged man. In the eyes of the Korean envoy, the sixth Panchen Panchen is a "sifan monk" with the magic of "the flesh is less bone, and the Qi is not clear and handsome". In the Buddhist debate, the image of the "monk" was overlooked.
It can be seen that the comprehensive and systematic study of the sixth Panchen Lama can provide a strong theoretical support for the study of the history of the central government of the Qing Dynasty and the history of Tibet's local relations, the study of the history of Tibetan Buddhism, and the study of the history of the Tibetan history of Tibet. It is also of great practical significance to enhance the patriotic feelings of Tibetan compatriots in the near future.
Up to now, there is no Monographs in the study of the sixth Panchen Lama at home and abroad, and the study of the sixth Panchen Lama is still incomplete. On the one hand, the study of the sixth Panchen Panchen is still in the incidental and thematic stages, and the focus of the study is still focused on the important historical event of the pilgrimage to the sixth Panchen, and the pilgrimage to the six world Panchan. On the other hand, the attention of the foreign research results represented by the English literature on the sixth Panchen Lama is still in the incidental reference stage in the study of the Tibetan historical facts and George Bouger, and at the same time, the religious leader of the sixth Panchen Lama was in Tibet at the time. The political role, most of which have been exaggerated by "wishful thinking", will be guided by dialectical materialism and Historicism in the philosophical system of Marx's philosophy, with the combination of literature research and field investigation as the main research method, to carry out the overall and systematic study of the sixth Panchen Panchen, and to strive for the combination of "historical theory". This article will not stick to the subjective description of the positive description of thick and heavy colors and the statues of stars, and strive to objectively display the true life track of religious leaders.
This article is divided into eight chapters, and the main purpose of this paper is summarized as follows: in the first chapter, we focus on the birth and bed process of the sixth Panchen Panchen; the second chapter, in detail, discusses the relationship between the sixth Panchen Panchen and the Panchen family members; the third chapter is to seek a thorough examination of the decisive role and influence of the sixth Panchen Lama in the 8th Darai Lama, and the fourth chapter. This paper makes a detailed analysis of the foreign communication activities of the sixth Panchen Panchen, reveals the earliest version of the "Warren Hastings letter of the sixth Panchen", and focuses on his connection with George Pogl's political and religious exchanges and cultural exchanges, and the fifth chapter is the theoretical basis for the analysis of the Tibetan Buddhism policy of Qian Long and the analysis of the Tibetan Buddhism belief of the emperor of Qian Long. In the sixth chapter, we will focus on the system of the Darai Lama and the Panchen Lama pilgrim's annual Hajj system in order to analyze the system guarantee of the Qing Central Government for the six world Panchen pilgrimage. The seventh chapter will elaborate on the beginning and influence of the pilgrimage of the sixth Panchen Panchen, and focus on the examination of the pilgrimage. In the eighth chapter, the relationship between the sixth Panchen Lama and the smallpox, the relationship between the sixth Panchen Lama and the smallpox, the relationship with the Deshou temple, the temple of the Zong Chao temple, and the image of the sixth Panchen Panchen in the literary works such as the hot river diary, the Xiao Ting zammy, the notes of the Xi Bao Xuan, the western region Kao Gu Lu, the Qing Liang mountain and so on. And sixth Panchen Lama and Da Tian Tong Li's meeting and other innovative research.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K249

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