宋代小农营生方式研究

发布时间：2018-06-18 07:56

本文选题：宋代 + 小农　；参考：《云南大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 营生即谋生。传统社会小农营生方式多种多样,总体来看是以农业种植为主,兼营其他副业,千百年来并无实质性的变化。但若从细处考察,小农营生方式有一个变迁过程,即农业分工范围在逐渐扩大,小农经营种类在逐渐细化,同时与手工业、商业等联系日趋紧密。宋代正值唐宋社会经济大变迁时期,商品经济发展迎来了第二次高峰。在此背景下小农的营生方式也在发生变化,立足小农营生方式的考察对研究宋代乡村经济发展有着重要的意义。本文对宋代小农营生方式的研究侧重于以下三个方面: 首先,传统意义上的小农主要依靠农业生产生活。而宋代小农营生方式出现亦农、亦工、亦商的多样化现象。宋代家庭结构的变化和租佃制经济的发展影响着宋代小农的生产和生活方式。其次,分两个部分分析宋代小农营生方式:其一,概述宋代小农营生的环境。小农选择营生方式是受到他生存的自然环境和社会环境约束的,不同的环境造就不同的生活状况,所选择的营生方式也各不相同。其二,具体论述宋代小农营生方式的多样化选择,不同生活背景下的小农会选择形态迥异的营生方式,小农身份也随之变化,或农或商或工或兵或寇。最后,分析宋代小农营生方式多样化选择的影响因素。该部分从自然环境、资金技术、国家制度、小农自身等方面展开阐述。宋代小农虽然仍以务农为主,但为了维持家庭生存也选择其他的营生途径,这也是适应该时期变化了的社会环境的一种表现。结语部分归纳全文,指出宋代小农营生方式选择多样化一方面在小农职业观念转变、合理配置劳动力以及促进农业向专业化方向发展等方面有重要意义;另一方面也催化了贫富分化。
[Abstract]:To earn a living is to earn a living. In the traditional society, there are many ways of small-scale farmers' livelihood. In general, they are mainly cultivated in agriculture and run other sideline, but there has been no substantial change for thousands of years. However, if we look at it carefully, there is a changing process in the way of small-scale farmers' living, that is, the scope of agricultural division of labor is gradually expanding, the types of small farmers' management are gradually being refined, and at the same time, they are more and more closely related to handicraft industry, commerce and so on. The Song Dynasty coincided with the great social and economic changes in the Tang and Song dynasties, and the development of commodity economy ushered in the second peak. Under this background, the way of small-scale farmers' livelihood is also changing. It is of great significance to study the development of rural economy in Song Dynasty. This paper focuses on the following three aspects: firstly, the traditional small-scale farmers mainly rely on agricultural production to live. In the Song Dynasty, there appeared the diversification of small farmers, workers and merchants. The changes of family structure and the development of tenancy economy in Song Dynasty affect the production and life style of small farmers in Song Dynasty. Secondly, it analyzes the way of small-scale farmers' living in Song Dynasty in two parts: firstly, it summarizes the environment of small-scale farmers' living in Song Dynasty. The small farmer chooses the way of living is restricted by the natural environment and the social environment of his existence, the different environment creates the different living condition, the choice of the way of living is also different. Secondly, the paper specifically discusses the diversified choices of small-scale farmers in Song Dynasty. Under different living backgrounds, smallholder farmers will choose different forms of livelihood, and the status of smallholder farmers will also change with it, or farmers or merchants or workers or soldiers or invaders. Finally, the paper analyzes the influence factors of the diversification of the small farmers'living mode in Song Dynasty. This part from the natural environment, capital technology, national system, small farmers themselves. Although the small farmers in Song Dynasty were still mainly engaged in farming, they also chose other ways to survive in order to maintain their families' survival, which was also a manifestation of the social environment that had changed in that period. The conclusion part summarizes the full text, points out that on the one hand, it is of great significance in the transformation of small farmers' professional concept, the rational allocation of labor force and the development of agriculture to specialization in the Song Dynasty. On the other hand, it also catalyzes the polarization between rich and poor.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K244

【引证文献】