唐宋时期四川盆地与江南市镇的比较研究

发布时间：2018-07-15 19:23

【摘要】：“市镇”是县与乡之间的独立商业聚集点,它在商品经济中扮演着十分重要的角色,并能反映出一个地区农村经济发展水平。四川盆地与江南地区是两个各具特色的经济发展区域,在唐宋时期,两地市镇兴起,市镇经济迅速发展,成为国家稳固发展的经济支柱。将两地市镇进行比较研究,不仅有助于我们加深对唐宋时期四川盆地和江南市镇发展状况的共性和差异性的认识,并可为今天的乡村城镇化及新农村建设提供有益的历史借鉴。市镇数量众多是唐宋时期经济发展的重要标志之一。对两地市镇数量差异的探讨主要依据两《唐书·地理志》、《元和郡县图志》、《太平寰宇记》、《元丰九域志》、《宋史·地理志》、《舆地记胜》、《读史方舆纪要》、《宋会要辑稿》等史籍所载的相关资料,并大量引用方志、笔记小说、诗歌、碑刻、墓志铭以及考古资料等进行列表基础上得出结论。两地市镇数量的共同点是：数量众多。主要差异是：江南市镇数量总数多于四川盆地；江南地区拥有市镇的府、州数总体多于四川盆地；从两地所辖州、府拥有的市镇数量看,仍是江南地区多于四川盆地。出现上述差异的原因主要是两地经济发展水平不同和自然地理环境的差异。市镇数量增幅、市镇分布、市镇功能和市镇社会状况是一个区域内市镇发展差异的重要体现。对唐宋时期两地市镇数量进行梳理可知,市镇数量增幅有两个特点,即从唐代到宋代两地市镇数量均大幅度增加,但四川盆地市镇数量增长率大于江南地区。又因两地迥然不同的区位因素,使市镇分布呈现如下差异：江南市镇布局呈网状结构,且市镇密度及每州拥有的市镇数量多于四川盆地；而四川盆地市镇呈线状布局,且市镇密度及每州拥有市镇数量较江南少。两地又因交通便捷度、经济发展差异及市镇分布的不同,使市镇在功能上各具特色：江南市镇生产功能较强,主要体现为粮食生产、纺织业和造船业生产、制造；四川盆地市镇集散功能突出,主要表现为茶叶、盐业的贩运、买卖。唐宋时期两地市镇差异还体现在人口、民风及信仰上,其中四川盆地外来人口较江南地区多,而江南地区本土居民结构变化较四川地区大；江南各地奢靡之风盛行,四川地区奢侈与简朴之风并存；在信仰上,两地均崇佛敬神,但四川盆地还流行行业神。唐宋时期两地市镇发展差异明显,另从市镇总体质量言,两地也各具特色。其中江南地区市镇人口、市镇商税、市镇学校数量及进士数量均多于四川盆地。显然,唐宋时期四川盆地市镇经济发展水平不及江南地区,市镇化程度与江南相比也略逊一筹。
[Abstract]:"Town" is an independent commercial gathering point between county and township. It plays a very important role in commodity economy and can reflect the level of rural economic development in a region. Sichuan Basin and Jiangnan area are two economic development regions with their own characteristics. In the Tang and Song dynasties, the towns of both places rose and the town economy developed rapidly, which became the economic pillar of the country's steady development. The comparative study of the two towns will not only help us to deepen our understanding of the common and differential development of Sichuan Basin and Jiangnan towns in Tang and Song dynasties, but also provide a useful historical reference for the urbanization of villages and the construction of new rural areas today. The large number of towns is one of the important signs of economic development in the Tang and Song dynasties. The discussion of the difference in the number of towns and cities between the two places is mainly based on the two "Geographic Records of Tang Dynasty", "Yuan he County Chronicles", "Taiping World Records", "Yuanfeng Nine Regionales", "Historical Geography of Song Dynasty", "Geographical Records of the Song Dynasty", "Reading the Summary of Shi Fangyu", "the Song Dynasty will be collected", and so on. The relevant information contained in historical books, Local chronicles, notebooks, poems, inscriptions, epitaph and archaeological materials are cited to draw conclusions. The common denominator of the number of towns in both places is that they are numerous. The main difference is that the total number of towns in the south of the Yangtze River is more than that in the Sichuan basin; the total number of states in the south of the Yangtze River is more than that in the Sichuan basin; the number of towns owned by the prefectures under the jurisdiction of the two places is still more than that in the Sichuan basin. The reasons for these differences are mainly the difference of economic development level and the difference of natural geographical environment between the two places. The increase in the number of towns, the distribution of towns, the functions of towns and the social conditions of towns are important manifestations of the differences in the development of towns within a region. Through combing the number of towns in the Tang and Song dynasties, we can see that there are two characteristics in the increase of the number of towns, that is, from the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, the number of towns in the two places has increased by a large margin, but the growth rate of the towns in Sichuan Basin is larger than that in the south of the Yangtze River. Because of the different location factors of the two places, the distribution of the towns is different as follows: the distribution of the towns in the southern part of the Yangtze River shows a network structure, and the density of the towns and the number of towns in each state are more than those in the Sichuan Basin, while the towns in the Sichuan Basin have a linear layout. And the density of towns and the number of towns in each state are less than those in the south of the Yangtze River. Because of the convenience of transportation, the difference of economic development and the difference of the distribution of towns, the two places have their own features in their functions: the production function of the towns in Jiangnan is stronger, which is mainly reflected in the production of grain, textile and shipbuilding industries; Sichuan basin town distribution function is prominent, mainly for tea, salt industry trafficking, trading. During the Tang and Song dynasties, the differences between the two cities and towns were also reflected in the population, folk customs and beliefs. Among them, there were more exotic people in the Sichuan Basin than in the southern part of the Yangtze River, and the structure of the native inhabitants in the southern part of the Yangtze River changed more than that in the Sichuan region. Luxury and simplicity coexist in Sichuan; both worship Buddhism and deity in both places, but the Sichuan basin is also popular with industry gods. In the Tang and Song dynasties, there were obvious differences in the development of cities and towns, and in terms of the overall quality of the towns, the two places also had their own characteristics. The number of town population, town commercial tax, town school and the number of scholars in Jiangnan area are more than those in Sichuan basin. Obviously, the level of town economy development in Sichuan Basin in Tang and Song dynasties is not as good as that in Jiangnan area, and the degree of urbanization is inferior to that in Jiangnan.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F299.29;K241;K244

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