汉魏南北朝时期形神观的演变研究

发布时间：2018-07-17 16:27

【摘要】：形神观一直是中国哲学发展史中非常值得研究的重要问题,随着两汉之际佛学的传入,汉魏南北朝时期成为了形神观讨论的重要时期。文章立足于中国传统哲学,重点以这一时期形神观的发展和转变为中心,探讨从两汉到魏晋南北朝,围绕形神观的讨论有哪些内容,前后的历史发展中体现出怎样的演变规律。首先,汉代形神观的讨论是在先秦相关讨论的基础上进行的。“精神”一词始于春秋、盛于战国和西汉,东汉之后的哲学家们,大部分把“精神”简称为神。与“神”相关的亦有“鬼”、“灵魂”等概念表达。先秦道家和儒家对形神关系都有论述。两汉时期形神关系大体是从精气说的基础上展开的。精气说认为“气”是构成一切生命的元素,形成神主形从的观念;而发展到东汉则认为构成一切的基础是人的形体,以桓谭、王充等为代表。继两汉之后,以佛教学说作为切入点,探讨在二者的影响下形神观的新发展。由于佛教的传入,至南北朝时期,展开了一场关于形神关系是以形为主还是以神为主的思想争论,由此,形神关系转向了形神并重的发展方向。正是这一转变,奠定了魏晋南北朝“形神”关系问题发展的基本走向。最后,尝试着探讨从两汉时期到魏晋南北朝时期形神观发展的特点、规律及意义。从神主形从到神灭论,再到形神并重,形神观始终是在神相对形的关系中展开,是对神之于形的诠释和理解的逐渐深化,在这个过程中,可以看到佛学的影响之大。这一时期的讨论承上启下,是中国古代形神观发展中的重要一环。
[Abstract]:The concept of form and spirit has always been an important issue worth studying in the history of the development of Chinese philosophy. With the introduction of Buddhism during the Han Dynasty, the period of Han Wei and Northern and Southern dynasties became an important period for discussion of the view of form and spirit. Based on the traditional Chinese philosophy, this article focuses on the development and transformation of the concept of form and spirit in this period, discusses what content the discussion of the concept of form and spirit has around from the Han Dynasty to the Wei, Jin and the Southern and Northern dynasties, and what kind of law of evolution is reflected in the historical development before and after. First of all, the Han Dynasty concept of form and spirit was discussed on the basis of pre-Qin related discussions. The word "spirit" began in the Spring and Autumn period and prevailed in the warring States period and the Western Han Dynasty. Most philosophers after the Eastern Han Dynasty referred to "spirit" as God. There are also concepts such as ghost and soul related to God. Pre-Qin Taoism and Confucianism have discussed the relationship between form and spirit. In the Han Dynasty, the relationship between form and spirit was carried out on the basis of spirit theory. Qi theory holds that "Qi" is the element that constitutes all life, and forms the concept of divine form, while the development of the Eastern Han Dynasty thinks that the basis of all is the human form, represented by Huantan, Wang Chong and so on. After the Han Dynasty, the new development of the concept of form and spirit under the influence of Buddhism theory was discussed. Due to the introduction of Buddhism, in the Northern and Southern dynasties, there was a debate on whether the relationship between form and spirit is mainly form or god, so the relationship between form and spirit turned to the direction of development. It was this change that established the basic trend of the development of the relationship between form and spirit in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties. Finally, it attempts to explore the characteristics, laws and significance of the development of the concept of form and spirit from the Han Dynasty to the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern dynasties. From the form of God to the theory of divinity, and then to the equal importance of form and spirit, the view of form and spirit is always unfolded in the relation of God's relative form, which is the gradual deepening of interpretation and understanding of God's form. In this process, we can see the great influence of Buddhism. The discussion in this period is an important link in the development of ancient Chinese outlook on form and spirit.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K23

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