唐前期自然灾害和政府救灾研究

发布时间：2018-08-03 19:06

【摘要】：唐前期是封建社会的鼎盛时期，同时也是各种自然灾害的频发期。唐前期的自然灾害多种多样，以群发性和链发性的特征出现，人为致灾因素加重，致使全国受灾范围颇广，给广大人民的生活和生产造成了诸多困扰。然而，唐前期社会稳定、国力强盛，政府在减灾救灾方面行政效率较高，在很大程度上使人民免受或少受了灾害之苦。唐前期政府救灾已具备一定的系统性，整体上分为救灾思想、救灾措施、救灾机制三大部分。唐前期救灾思想包括民本思想、农本思想和灾异天谴论、阴阳五行灾异观，在这些思想的影响下，政府形成了各种各样的救灾举措。唐前期政府救灾措施包括灾前防范措施、临灾救助措施、灾后恢复措施三大部分，为了使救灾举措有效实施，政府提供了运作机制方面的保障。唐前期政府救灾机制主要包括奏报和检覆机制、咨询和决策机制、执行机制、监察机制四大部分，这四个环节相辅相成，贯穿于政府救灾工作的始终。唐前期救灾思想为救灾措施提供了理论指导，而救灾措施又赋予救灾思想以实践平台；救灾机制为救灾措施提供了体制保障，而救灾措施又检验完善着救灾机制的实效和不足。救灾思想、救灾措施、救灾机制相互独立，又相辅相成，共同促进了唐前期救灾工作的有效实施。
[Abstract]:The early Tang Dynasty was the heyday of feudal society and the frequent occurrence of all kinds of natural disasters. In the early Tang Dynasty, the natural disasters appeared in a variety of ways, with the characteristics of mass occurrence and chain occurrence, and the aggravation of man-made disaster factors, which caused a wide range of disasters in the whole country, and caused many troubles to the lives and production of the broad masses of people. However, in the early Tang Dynasty, the society was stable, the national strength was strong, and the government had a high administrative efficiency in disaster reduction and relief, which to a great extent saved the people from or less suffering from disasters. In the early Tang Dynasty, the government's disaster relief has been systematized, which is divided into three parts: disaster relief thought, disaster relief measures and disaster relief mechanism. In the early Tang Dynasty, the disaster relief thought included the people-oriented thought, the agriculture-oriented thought and the theory of different natural calamities. Under the influence of these thoughts, the government formed a variety of disaster relief measures. The early Tang Dynasty government disaster relief measures include pre-disaster prevention measures, disaster relief measures, disaster recovery measures, in order to enable the effective implementation of disaster relief measures, the government provided operational mechanisms to protect. In the early Tang Dynasty, the relief mechanism of the government mainly includes four parts, namely, the mechanism of newspaper and review, the mechanism of consultation and decision-making, the mechanism of execution and the mechanism of supervision. These four links complement each other and run through the relief work of the government from beginning to end. In the early Tang Dynasty, disaster relief thought provided theoretical guidance for disaster relief measures, and disaster relief measures provided practical platform for disaster relief thinking. Disaster relief mechanism provided institutional guarantee for disaster relief measures, and disaster relief measures tested the effectiveness and insufficiency of improving disaster relief mechanisms. The ideas, measures and mechanisms of disaster relief are independent and complementary, which promote the effective implementation of disaster relief in the early Tang Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K242;X43

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