法儒递嬗与战国秦汉社会结构变迁

发布时间：2018-09-09 16:05

【摘要】：本文的中心论题是从社会结构变迁的角度,探讨先秦秦汉时期法家学派的产生、存在与消亡问题。法家学派的产生与战国时期君主专制加强有密切联系。礼崩乐坏意味着贵族制的衰落,而法的兴起则与平民社会的形成有密切的联系。秦、西汉中前期皆为法家政治。法家流派的消亡有一个过程,这一过程持续的时间范围主要是西汉中期,即武帝、昭帝、宣帝三朝。其思想背景是,秦汉大一统王朝出现后,单单任何一种思想都不能满足统治阶级的需要,儒家融合法家、道家、阴阳家等思想,取得了最后的胜利,法家学派是其牺牲品之一。独尊儒术后,法家作为一个思想学派已无立足之地。但在现实政治中他们仍有势力,盐铁会议上桑弘羊虽有符合实际的主张,但名义上仍受到打压,盐铁会议可以算是法家学派的最后一次发声,宣帝提出"霸王道杂之",表明"霸道"的存在仍有正当性,且宣帝由于其个人经历及性格,重用文吏,但儒家势力已成燎原之势。自元帝始,儒家获得了全面的胜利,法家学派彻底退出了历史舞台。法家学派的存在与平民社会相始终。法家衰亡,儒学复兴,不仅仅只是一个学术思想层面的问题,这种思想流派的兴潜其实是反映了社会结构的变迁。自战国开始,直到西汉中期,中国实为一崇尚功利而务实的平民社会。自武帝开始,儒学成为官学后,诸子学衰亡,禄利之路使然也。西汉后期,读经成为风尚,遗子黄金满|o,不如一经。累世读经就可以累世做官,做官逐渐变得有世袭性,社会变得有世袭的等级性,从根本上说,儒学塑造了世家大族,儒家与世家大族的这种密切的联系在西汉后期已见端倪,一入东汉更是大白于天下。东汉,世家大族支配了社会,平民社会结束。
[Abstract]:The central topic of this paper is to discuss the emergence, existence and extinction of Legalists in the pre-Qin, Qin and Han dynasties from the point of view of social structure changes. The emergence of the Legalist School was closely related to the strengthening of autocratic monarchy during the warring States period. The decline of aristocrat means the bane of etiquette, and the rise of law is closely related to the formation of civil society. Qin, the early Western Han Dynasty are all legalistic politics. There was a process of the demise of Legalist schools, which lasted mainly in the middle period of the Western Han Dynasty, namely the three dynasties of Emperor Wu, Emperor Zhao and Emperor Xuandi. Its ideological background is that after the emergence of the unified dynasty of Qin and Han dynasties, any thought alone can not meet the needs of the ruling class. Confucianism merges the ideas of Legalism, Taoism, Yin-yang, and so on, and gains a final victory, and the Legalist School is one of its victims. After respecting Confucianism alone, Legalists have no place as a school of thought. But in real politics, they still have power. Although Sang Hong-yang had realistic opinions at the Salt and Iron Conference, he was still under pressure in name. The Salt and Iron Conference can be regarded as the last voice of the Legalists. Xuandi put forward "the overlord is mixed", which shows that the existence of "hegemonism" is still legitimate, and because of his personal experience and character, Xuandi reuses the officials, but the Confucian force has become a prairie fire. Since the Yuan Dynasty, Confucianism has won a complete victory and the Legalist School has completely withdrawn from the historical stage. The existence of Legalist school is always with the civil society. The decline of Legalists and the revival of Confucianism are not only a problem of academic thought, but also reflect the changes of social structure. From the warring States period to the middle of the Western Han Dynasty, China was a utilitarian and pragmatic civilian society. Since Emperor Wu, Confucianism became an official school, the decline of the school of thought, Lu Li's road is also. In the late Western Han Dynasty, reading scriptures became a fashion, leaving gold as soon as possible. After reading the sutras of the world, one can become an official of the world. Being an official gradually becomes hereditary, and the society becomes hereditary. Fundamentally, Confucianism has shaped the family of the family. This close connection between Confucianism and the great clan of the family has already appeared in the late Western Han Dynasty. As soon as he entered the Eastern Han Dynasty, he became more aware of the world. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the patriarchal clan dominated the society and the civilian society ended.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K22

【相似文献】