明代乡会试贡院修建与维护经费来源考述
发布时间：2018-09-10 20:08
【摘要】：乡、会试贡院是明代举行科举考试最主要的专门场所,其修建与维护的经费来源主要有官方拨款、赋役派编、分摊以及社会捐助等四个途径。其中,官方拨款主要有官帑、羡余、赃罚、赎锾等四项;赋役派编则以修理贡院、应天府场屋、贡院门子工食等项支应银为主;分摊主要见于顺天贡院的修建经费筹措,用于乡试的顺天贡院,其修建经费主要为北直各府的分摊,用于会试的顺天贡院,其修建经费则主要为工部与北直的分摊,具体又经历了一个由工部与顺天等八府分摊到工部与顺天一府分摊的转变过程;社会捐助主体主要为官绅,形式为捐俸或捐资。官方拨款、赋役派编与分摊是基础,处于主体地位;社会捐助作补充,处于辅助地位,二者共同构成一个较为完整的贡院经费来源体系,为科举考试的顺利举行提供了相对充足的经费保障。
[Abstract]:The village, the imperial examination institute is the most important special place to hold the imperial examination in the Ming Dynasty, its construction and maintenance are mainly from four ways: the official appropriation, the assignment, the allocation and the social donation. Among them, there are mainly four items of official funds, including government money, envy surplus, stolen goods and fines, and redeeming. The main items of duty assignment are to repair the kongyuan, to pay for the Tianfu Yard House, and to support the payment of food for the gate of the temple. The apportionment is mainly found in the financing of the construction of the Shuntian tribute Hospital. The Shuntian Gongyuan, which is used for the township test, will be financed mainly by the allocation of funds for the construction of the Shuntian Gongyuan, which will be used for the trial, and the funds for its construction will mainly be allocated between the Ministry of Industry and the North. It also went through a transition process from the Ministry of Industry and Shuntian and other eight provinces to the Ministry of Industry and Shuntianyi; the main body of social donors is the official gentry in the form of pension or donation. The official appropriation, the compilation and allocation of taxes are the basis and are in the main position; the social contributions supplement and the supplementary position, together they constitute a relatively complete funding source system of the Gongyuan. For the successful holding of the imperial examination to provide a relatively adequate financial guarantee.
【作者单位】： 福建师范大学;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“明代进士群体与政治及社会变迁研究”(项目编号:11BZS030)
【分类号】：K248
本文编号：2235488
[Abstract]:The village, the imperial examination institute is the most important special place to hold the imperial examination in the Ming Dynasty, its construction and maintenance are mainly from four ways: the official appropriation, the assignment, the allocation and the social donation. Among them, there are mainly four items of official funds, including government money, envy surplus, stolen goods and fines, and redeeming. The main items of duty assignment are to repair the kongyuan, to pay for the Tianfu Yard House, and to support the payment of food for the gate of the temple. The apportionment is mainly found in the financing of the construction of the Shuntian tribute Hospital. The Shuntian Gongyuan, which is used for the township test, will be financed mainly by the allocation of funds for the construction of the Shuntian Gongyuan, which will be used for the trial, and the funds for its construction will mainly be allocated between the Ministry of Industry and the North. It also went through a transition process from the Ministry of Industry and Shuntian and other eight provinces to the Ministry of Industry and Shuntianyi; the main body of social donors is the official gentry in the form of pension or donation. The official appropriation, the compilation and allocation of taxes are the basis and are in the main position; the social contributions supplement and the supplementary position, together they constitute a relatively complete funding source system of the Gongyuan. For the successful holding of the imperial examination to provide a relatively adequate financial guarantee.
【作者单位】： 福建师范大学;
【基金】：国家社科基金项目“明代进士群体与政治及社会变迁研究”(项目编号:11BZS030)
【分类号】：K248
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1 康武刚;李碧虹;;宋代安徽的州县官学发展[J];社科纵横;2013年10期
，本文编号：2235488
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