满汉合璧《射的—咐观马图说》研究
发布时间：2018-10-31 18:34
【摘要】：清代满汉合璧文献《射的——附观马图说》(以下简称《射的》)成书于乾隆三十五年,著者常钧,是一部探讨满族传统弓箭文化的书籍。书中在论述满族传统弓箭文化时,使用了大量的汉文经典作为论据,具有文化的比较、借鉴意义。因此《射的》一书不论从弓箭文化还是语言翻译角度都具有很高的研究价值。《射的》全书共有满文单词3878个,其中实词3292个,词汇量为740个。该书分两部分,第一部分为《射的说》;第二部分为《榆阳射圃观马图说》。《射的说》中分为《意诚》《正心》《存神》《养气》《演法——入门次第节要》五节,其中《演法——入门次第节要》中又分为《步位》《执弓》《扣箭》《开弓》《审固》《撒放》《弓与力配》《矢与弓配》七个小节;《榆阳射圃观马图说》不分节。就目前来看,除了《满汉合璧射的说研究》、《清朝习射书籍射的说及影响》两篇期刊文章外,还鲜有针对《射的》的研究。吕欧、宋冰的《满汉合璧射的说研究》对每段内容中抽取三到五句不等,做转写和对译,并对五处刊刻错误进行订正。李海停的《清朝习射书籍射的说及影响》对《射的说》部分内容进行了总结并提出了两处刊刻错误。由此可见,以往研究并未涉及《射的》全文,也未涉及作为《射说》后记的"观马图说"。笔者认为在清代武功首重骑射,马是练习骑射必不可少的。从这个观点来看,作为后记的"观马图说"是《射的》不可缺少的一部分,因此笔者将这一部分也纳入本次研究中。另有《中国古代射书考》仅将《射的》作为相关资料做了简单的介绍。可以看出,目前还没有从版本、校勘等文献学角度对《射的》全部内容研究的文章,更没有以《射的》为中心从语言、文化等角度进行的研究,因此对《射的》的研究还存有很大的空间。本文《满汉合璧射的——附观马图说研究》首先对《射的》的书名进行辨析,并根据现有资料理顺著者生平,著者常钧的生卒年不详,但从资料上看可以断定他主要活跃在乾隆朝,且既做过副都统,又做过巡抚,可见其对文、武都不陌生,所以《射的》并不同于一般讲解射箭技巧的文献,更加偏重于对技巧之上的"道"与"德"的探讨,这在满族弓箭文化乃至中国弓箭文化上都是里程碑式的。且常钧曾著《清话问答四十条》,可见他的满文造诣也很高,所以对《射的》中的满文部分进行研究,既有助于直接了解满族弓箭文化对汉文化的借鉴过程,又有助于利用书中满语文使用特点为研究的满语文研究提供材料,因此可以说《射的》一部以儒家思想为基础、博采中国历史文化后,结合满族传统文化而形成的一部射箭伦理著作。其次,利用《北京满文图书总目》《世界满文图书总目》整理存世版本,对各版本进行勘误、确定底本;再次,对《射的》全文进行解读;最后,整理《射的》中的引文和词汇,总结其使用特点。
[Abstract]:The literature of Manchu and Han Dynasty in Qing Dynasty was written in 35 years of Qianlong, the author of Chang Jun, a book on the traditional bow and arrow culture of Manchu nationality. The book discusses the Manchu traditional bow and arrow culture, using a large number of Chinese classics as an argument, with cultural comparison, reference significance. Therefore, the book "shot" is of great research value in terms of bow and arrow culture and language translation. There are 3878 Manchu words in the book, 3292 of which have a vocabulary of 740. The book is divided into two parts, the first part is the theory of shooting; The second part is divided into "Yu Yang Shepai Pu View Matu Theory". In "Yi Cheng", "True heart" < storing spirit > < nourishing qi > < generating method-the first section is to be more than five verses. Among them, in the second section of the introduction, it was divided into seven sections: < step position > < holding bow > < holding arrow > < arch opening > < casting > < bow and force match > < arrow and bow match >; "Yu Yang Shepai Park View Matu said" do not divide into sections. At present, there are few researches on "shooting" except for "A study on the combination of Manchu and Han dynasties" and "the narration and influence of Book shooting in Qing Dynasty". Lv Ou, Song Bing's A study on the combination of Manchu and Han dynasties, extracts three to five sentences from each paragraph, writes and translates them, and corrects the five errors. Li Haiping's the introduction and influence of the Qing Dynasty's study on shooting books summarizes some contents of the saying of shooting and puts forward two printing errors. It can be seen that previous studies did not cover the full text of shooting, nor did it refer to the theory of watching horses as a postscript. I believe that in the Qing Dynasty martial arts first heavy riding, horse is necessary to practice shooting. From this point of view, as a postscript, "view Matu" is an indispensable part of "shooting", so the author also included this part in this study. In addition, the book of ancient Chinese shooting is introduced simply as related data. It can be seen that there is no research on the whole content of "shooting" from the perspective of edition, collation, and so on, and there is no research from the perspective of language, culture, and so on, with "projectile" as the center. Therefore, there is still a lot of space for the study of shooting. In this paper, the author's title of the book is analyzed, and according to the available data, the author's life is straightened out, and the author's date of birth and death is unknown. But judging from the data, it can be concluded that he was mainly active in the Qianlong Dynasty, and that he was both a deputy du Gong and a governor. It can be seen that he is no stranger to literature and martial arts. Therefore, "shooting" is not the same as the literature that generally explains archery techniques. More emphasis is placed on the discussion of "Tao" and "virtue", which is a milestone in Manchu archery culture and even Chinese bow and arrow culture. And Chang Jun has written 40 questions and answers in Qing dialect, which shows that his Manchu attainments are also very high. Therefore, to study the Manchu part of "shot" is not only helpful to directly understand the process of drawing lessons from Manchu's bow and arrow culture to the Han culture, It is also helpful to make use of the characteristics of Manchu language in the book to provide materials for the study of Manchu language. Therefore, it can be said that the book is based on Confucianism and takes full advantage of Chinese history and culture. Combined with the traditional culture of Manchu to form a book on archery ethics. Secondly, using the "Beijing Manchu Book catalogue", "the World Manchu Book General catalogue" to sort out the world edition, to carry on the corrigendum to each edition, to confirm the original version, again, to interpret the whole text of "shot"; Finally, collate the citation and vocabulary in "shooting" and summarize its use characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K249;G256.3
本文编号：2303176
[Abstract]:The literature of Manchu and Han Dynasty in Qing Dynasty was written in 35 years of Qianlong, the author of Chang Jun, a book on the traditional bow and arrow culture of Manchu nationality. The book discusses the Manchu traditional bow and arrow culture, using a large number of Chinese classics as an argument, with cultural comparison, reference significance. Therefore, the book "shot" is of great research value in terms of bow and arrow culture and language translation. There are 3878 Manchu words in the book, 3292 of which have a vocabulary of 740. The book is divided into two parts, the first part is the theory of shooting; The second part is divided into "Yu Yang Shepai Pu View Matu Theory". In "Yi Cheng", "True heart" < storing spirit > < nourishing qi > < generating method-the first section is to be more than five verses. Among them, in the second section of the introduction, it was divided into seven sections: < step position > < holding bow > < holding arrow > < arch opening > < casting > < bow and force match > < arrow and bow match >; "Yu Yang Shepai Park View Matu said" do not divide into sections. At present, there are few researches on "shooting" except for "A study on the combination of Manchu and Han dynasties" and "the narration and influence of Book shooting in Qing Dynasty". Lv Ou, Song Bing's A study on the combination of Manchu and Han dynasties, extracts three to five sentences from each paragraph, writes and translates them, and corrects the five errors. Li Haiping's the introduction and influence of the Qing Dynasty's study on shooting books summarizes some contents of the saying of shooting and puts forward two printing errors. It can be seen that previous studies did not cover the full text of shooting, nor did it refer to the theory of watching horses as a postscript. I believe that in the Qing Dynasty martial arts first heavy riding, horse is necessary to practice shooting. From this point of view, as a postscript, "view Matu" is an indispensable part of "shooting", so the author also included this part in this study. In addition, the book of ancient Chinese shooting is introduced simply as related data. It can be seen that there is no research on the whole content of "shooting" from the perspective of edition, collation, and so on, and there is no research from the perspective of language, culture, and so on, with "projectile" as the center. Therefore, there is still a lot of space for the study of shooting. In this paper, the author's title of the book is analyzed, and according to the available data, the author's life is straightened out, and the author's date of birth and death is unknown. But judging from the data, it can be concluded that he was mainly active in the Qianlong Dynasty, and that he was both a deputy du Gong and a governor. It can be seen that he is no stranger to literature and martial arts. Therefore, "shooting" is not the same as the literature that generally explains archery techniques. More emphasis is placed on the discussion of "Tao" and "virtue", which is a milestone in Manchu archery culture and even Chinese bow and arrow culture. And Chang Jun has written 40 questions and answers in Qing dialect, which shows that his Manchu attainments are also very high. Therefore, to study the Manchu part of "shot" is not only helpful to directly understand the process of drawing lessons from Manchu's bow and arrow culture to the Han culture, It is also helpful to make use of the characteristics of Manchu language in the book to provide materials for the study of Manchu language. Therefore, it can be said that the book is based on Confucianism and takes full advantage of Chinese history and culture. Combined with the traditional culture of Manchu to form a book on archery ethics. Secondly, using the "Beijing Manchu Book catalogue", "the World Manchu Book General catalogue" to sort out the world edition, to carry on the corrigendum to each edition, to confirm the original version, again, to interpret the whole text of "shot"; Finally, collate the citation and vocabulary in "shooting" and summarize its use characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K249;G256.3
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前8条
1 李海停;;清朝习射书籍《射的说》及影响[J];兰台世界;2014年21期
2 张儒婷;;女真文的兴衰存废[J];兰台世界;2012年33期
3 吕欧;宋冰;;满汉合璧《射的说》研究[J];满语研究;2010年02期
4 王敌非;;清代满文读本会话类文献研究[J];满语研究;2010年01期
5 陈树;;中国古典文献学的内容及研究方法[J];文史博览(理论);2010年02期
6 吴元丰;;满文与满文古籍文献综述[J];满族研究;2008年01期
7 宋卿;;日本接待渤海国使者的外交礼仪初探[J];北方文物;2006年04期
8 马明达;;中国古代射书考[J];暨南史学;2003年00期
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