文人、戏曲、园林：清代寓扬徽商江春的生活世界

发布时间：2018-12-06 08:31

【摘要】：清朝中期扬州盐业经济繁盛,以徽商为主体的两淮盐商在经营盐业的过程中积累了丰厚的盐业资本。是时,最有势力的扬州盐商如“扬州二马”、江春等积极资助、参与到扬州文化建设活动当中,藉着丰厚的社会资源以前所未有的热情和力度介入并影响扬州的城市文化,对扬州的学术、园林、戏曲、书画、建筑、旅游、饮食、服饰与民俗的形成和丰富起了很大作用。自明中后期始,盐商们在经营盐业的同时也大力提倡儒家所倡导的诚信仁义的道德观念,加强子弟的儒家道德观教育,积极提倡官商合一,以光耀门楣,藉此成为他们安身立命之基础。扬州盐商大多贾而好儒,以招聚名士自重。他们广建园林,延揽宾客,与名流文士唱和诗文,积极融入上层文人士大夫群体。本文选取清代中期显赫一时的扬州盐商江春作为研究的对象,通过对江春扬州生活世界的介绍以窥见扬州盐商群体的生活图景。盐商江春是清代中期扬州盐业领域一位纵横捭阖的领军人物,他身系两淮总商垂五十年。江春不仅在盐业经济领域享誉盛名,而且在众文人名士间颇受赞誉。他喜好交结名人雅士,大力支持戏曲事业,广建园林。江春常常借自家园林中的盛景邀集众文人名士赴宴赏景,席间觥筹交错,诗文叠出,宴后也常品评戏曲。这种园林中的文人戏剧活动十分活跃,这种时尚的生活情趣是其追求的一种闲雅的生活方式。以江春为代表的扬州盐商在社会各个领域急于表现出自己的热情,争相仿效文人的生活方式,并最终依靠强大的实力影响了众多文人乃至整个地区社会的生活方式。他们有意识的将建设和发展扬州作为自己的责任和义务,对扬州城市文化的形成和发展做出巨大贡献。本文主要从江春与文人名士的交往、江春与扬州戏曲事业的发展、江春构筑园林及园林活动以及江春与乾隆皇帝的私人交情等几个方面来描绘江春生活世界,以此探寻清中期扬州盐商群体所展现出来的时代特征。
[Abstract]:In the middle of Qing Dynasty, the salt industry of Yangzhou was prosperous, and the Huizhou merchants as the main body accumulated abundant salt capital in the process of managing the salt industry. At that time, the most powerful salt merchants in Yangzhou, such as "Yangzhou Erma" and Jiangchun, actively funded and participated in Yangzhou's cultural construction activities, and intervened and influenced Yangzhou's urban culture with unprecedented enthusiasm and strength through rich social resources. It plays an important role in the formation and enrichment of Yangzhou's academic, garden, opera, calligraphy, architecture, tourism, diet, clothing and folklore. Since the middle and late Ming Dynasty, salt merchants have also vigorously advocated the moral concept of honesty, benevolence and righteousness advocated by the Confucianists, strengthened the Confucian moral education of their children, and actively advocated the integration of government and business, so as to honor their families. In so doing, they became the foundation of their lives. Yangzhou salt merchants mostly Jia and good Confucianism, in order to attract celebrities to respect themselves. They built gardens, invited guests, and celebrities and literati singing poetry, actively integrated into the upper literati community. In this paper, Jiangchun, a famous salt merchant in Yangzhou in the middle of Qing Dynasty, is chosen as the object of study. Through the introduction of the life world of Yangzhou in Jiangchun, we can see the life picture of the salt merchants in Yangzhou. Jiangchun, a salt merchant, was a leading figure in the field of salt industry in Yangzhou in the middle of Qing Dynasty. Jiangchun is not only famous in salt economy, but also acclaimed among scholars. He likes to pay off celebrities, strong support for the cause of drama, widely built gardens. Jiang Chun often takes advantage of his own gardens to invite literati to a banquet and enjoy the scenery, the feast of wine, poetry and prose stack out, after the banquet also often comments on the opera. This kind of garden literati drama activity is very active, this fashionable life interest is a kind of leisure life style which it pursues. Yangzhou salt merchants, represented by Jiangchun, are eager to show their enthusiasm in various fields of society, competing to emulate the way of life of literati, and ultimately influenced the way of life of many literati and even the whole society by relying on their powerful strength. They consciously take the construction and development of Yangzhou as their own responsibility and obligation, and make great contributions to the formation and development of Yangzhou urban culture. This paper describes the world of Jiangchun's life mainly from the following aspects: the communication between Jiangchun and literati, the development of Jiangchun and Yangzhou opera, the construction of gardens and garden activities, and the personal friendship between Jiangchun and Emperor Qianlong. In order to explore the middle of the Qing Dynasty Yangzhou salt merchants group showed the characteristics of the times.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K249

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