江南宋遗民书院研究

发布时间：2018-12-12 23:34

【摘要】：元代是书院的一个快速发展与推广时期。元代书院的繁盛离不开宋遗民的贡献。由宋遗民创办或兴复的书院,为元代社会的稳定和文化认同做出了重要贡献。故把宋遗民与书院结合,探讨宋遗民书院的创建、类型及特色,勾勒宋遗民书院的历史面貌,有其特殊的历史意义。元朝是中国历史上第一个少数民族统领的中央政权,但其治下的广大南人,却秉持“春秋大义”,以传统的“夷夏之辨”和新政权对抗。“文王既没,文不在兹乎?”在“以夷变夏”的关头,宋遗民肩负起文化与历史的使命。而在当时较为特殊的政治文化环境下,绝意仕进、退避书院、教授生徒、倡明理学成为众多宋遗民的共同选择。那么,本文要探讨的正是这样一批书院的历史面貌。围绕这一主题,本文试从宋遗民书院的创办宗旨、书院管理与教学及书院特色三个方面来勾勒江南宋遗民书院。首先,宋遗民书院的创立有多种途径,如宋遗民自己出资兴办;其门人出资修建;民间其他力量创建等。故书院创办的宗旨主要有:欲“救亡图存”而创办书院、为了“尊师崇儒”而创建书院,还有为了继绝学而创办书院。其次,在书院管理与教学方面基本秉承宋代以来的管理方式和教学内容。在此基础上,通过与宋代书院及同一时期的书院比较,文章归纳了江南宋遗民书院的四大特色。月泉书院倾向于遗民间的诗歌唱和活动,洪源书院、鳌峰书院则注重学术研究。文章通过这两个书院案例具体讲述江南宋遗民书院的情况。最后,对江南宋遗民书院的历史地位进行评析。本文认为宋遗民兴学,不论是对元初书院政策,还是对宋元时期书院的传承都产生了积极的影响。书院与学术不分离,自两宋以来,二者的一体化进程在元初的宋遗民书院中得到进一步体现和提升。可以说,江南宋遗民书院的产生和发展,一方面是对宋遗民个人和宋遗民群体起到精神纽带的作用,另一方面是较好地弥补了官学教育功能的缺失。此外,由于儒士对基层社会的回归和亲近,为宋元之际社会文化转型、民族融合做出了应有的贡献。总之,江南宋遗民书院的勃兴极大地促进了江南地区文化的传播和发展,也一定程度上影响了元代的社会发展。
[Abstract]:The Yuan Dynasty was a period of rapid development and popularization of academies. The prosperity of academies of the Yuan Dynasty can not be separated from the contributions of the people of Song Dynasty. The academy, founded or restored by the Song Dynasty, made an important contribution to the social stability and cultural identity of the Yuan Dynasty. Therefore, it is of special historical significance to combine the Song Dynasty adherents with the academies, to discuss the establishment, types and characteristics of the academies, and to outline the historical features of the academies. The Yuan Dynasty was the first central power dominated by ethnic minorities in the history of China, but the vast number of people in the south ruled by the "Spring and Autumn period", with the traditional "Yi Xia differentiation" and the new regime confrontation. "King Wen is not here, isn't he?" At the juncture of "changing summer by barbarians", the people of Song Dynasty shoulder the mission of culture and history. In the special political and cultural environment at that time, it was the common choice of many Song Dynasty bereaved people to refuse to advance, to retreat from academies, to teach students and to advocate Neo-Confucianism. So, what this article wants to discuss is the historical appearance of such a batch of academies. Around this theme, this paper attempts to outline the Song Dynasty Memorial Academy from the following three aspects: the founding purpose, the management and teaching of the Academy and the characteristics of the Academy. First of all, there are many ways to establish the academy, such as the capital contribution of the Song Dynasty survivors, the construction of the gate people, the establishment of other folk forces, and so on. Therefore, the main purposes of the establishment of the academy are: to "save the nation" and set up the academy, to "respect teachers and worship Confucianism" and to establish academies to continue to learn. Secondly, the management and teaching methods and teaching contents since Song Dynasty have been adopted in academy management and teaching. On this basis, by comparing with the academies of Song Dynasty and the same period, the article summarizes the four characteristics of the academies of relic of the Song Dynasty in the south of the Yangtze River. Yuequan Academy tended to the folk poetry singing activities, while Hongyuan Academy and Aofeng Academy focused on academic research. Through the case of the two academies, the article describes the situation of the relic academies in Jiangnan Song Dynasty. Finally, the historical status of the Southern Song Dynasty College is analyzed. In this paper, the author thinks that whether the school policy of early Yuan Dynasty or the inheritance of academies in Song and Yuan dynasties has had a positive impact on the establishment of school of learning by the people of Song and Yuan dynasties. Academies and academies are not separated, since the two Song dynasties, the integration of the two in the early Yuan Dynasty in the Academy of Song Dynasty to further reflect and promote. It can be said that, on the one hand, the emergence and development of the academies of relic of the Song Dynasty played a role of spiritual bond to the individual and the group of the survivors of the Song Dynasty, and on the other hand, it made up for the lack of the function of official education. In addition, due to the return and closeness of the Confucian scholars to the grass-roots society, they made their due contribution to the social and cultural transformation and ethnic integration during the Song and Yuan dynasties. In a word, the prosperity of the academies in the Song Dynasty greatly promoted the spread and development of the culture in the south of the Yangtze River, and also affected the social development of the Yuan Dynasty to a certain extent.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K247

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