西汉诏令引五经考

发布时间：2019-02-16 02:59

【摘要】：诏令是帝王发布文书命令的一种文体,皇权的至高无上、皇帝命令的法律性权威,往往需要借由"子曰诗云"来彰显,既为帝王的统治提供了理论依据,又使得经学借助诏令的官方地位,其政治影响力得到提升。西汉诏令中对于五经的直接引用,共57处,其中《诗》有22处,《书》有24处,《礼》有2处,《易》5处,《春秋》4处。按照时间划分,西汉前期(高祖-景帝)对五经的引用总共为1处,中期(武帝-宣帝)23处,后期(元帝-平帝)33处。这也从一个方面反映了西汉政权趋于稳固后,文事渐繁、儒术渐兴的事实。从现有文献看西汉诸帝,诏书引用《诗经》始于文帝,此后帝王诏书援引《诗经》的次数越来越多。根据汉代的学术背景并结合王先谦的分析来看,西汉皇帝诏令所引《诗》多为《鲁诗》和《齐诗》,究其原因与汉代皇帝的喜好、师承以及学术背景有关。将《汉书》等中所载的诏令引经文字与阮元校刻《十三经注疏》本,进行了比对,发现文字、经文句式多有不同之处,这或许与汉代经书以抄本居多,导致流传中易有讹误有关。与阮元校刻《十三经注疏》本文字差异最多的是《尚书》,且存在句式上的差异,《尚书》的流传复杂性可见一斑。对《礼》、《易》、《春秋》的引用都在西汉中后期,且所引《春秋》皆为《公羊春秋》,"z@梁子本鲁学,公羊氏乃齐学也" ①,足见齐、鲁两家之学在西汉的兴盛。西汉诏令引经的特点,可以反映出汉代的学派问题、儒学发展状况和早期文献流传特点,这折射了汉代的学术发展特征,为研究汉代学术提供佐证。
[Abstract]:The imperial edict is a form of writing and order issued by emperors. The supremacy of the imperial power and the legal authority of the emperor's orders often need to be demonstrated by the "Confucius poetry cloud", which provides a theoretical basis for the reign of the emperor. It also enhanced the political influence of Confucian classics by virtue of the official status of Dahir. There are 57 direct citations of the five Classics in the Western Han Dynasty, of which 22 are poems, 24 are books, 2 are rites, 5 are Yi, and 4 are Spring and Autumn. According to the time division, the quoting of the five classics in the early Western Han Dynasty (Gaozu-King Emperor) was 1, in the middle period (Wudi-Xuandi) 23, and in the late period (Yuan-Pingdi) 33. This also reflects the fact that after the Western Han regime became more stable, the literature became more and more complicated and Confucianism became more and more popular. According to the available documents, the Emperor of the Western Han Dynasty began to quote the Book of songs from the imperial edict of the Western Han Dynasty, and since then, more and more times have been cited in the imperial edict. According to the academic background of the Han Dynasty and the analysis of Wang Xianqian, most of the poems cited by the imperial edict of the Western Han Dynasty are "Lu poem" and "Qi poem", which is related to the preference, the teacher's inheritance and the academic background of the emperor of the Han Dynasty. Comparing the imperial edict contained in "Han Shu" with the book carved by Ruan Yuancao in < 13 Sutra notes], we find that there are many differences between the script and the sentence pattern of the scriptures, which may be more than the transcripts of the classics of the Han Dynasty. It is easy to be corrupted in the process of spreading. The most significant difference with Ruan Yuan's inscription is Shangshu, and there is a difference in sentence structure. The complexity of the spread of Shangshu can be seen. The citations of Li, Yi, Chun Qiu are all in the middle and late Western Han Dynasty, and the cited "Spring and Autumn of Ram" are all "Ram Spring and Autumn", "z@ Liangzi Benluo, Rong Yang Nai Qi study also" 1, enough to see Qi, Lu's two schools of learning in the Western Han Dynasty prosperity. The characteristics of the introduction of the Western Han Dynasty imperial edict can reflect the problems of the Han school, the development of Confucianism and the characteristics of the early literature dissemination, which reflects the characteristics of the academic development of the Han Dynasty and provides evidence for the study of the Han Dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K234.1

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