初始权益与分配正义

发布时间：2017-12-27 03:07

本文关键词：初始权益与分配正义　出处：《浙江社会科学》2015年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：初始权益是罗尔斯政治哲学最重要的术语之一,依照罗尔斯初始权益理论,人的初始权益由两部分组成:(1)天赋初始权益,包括健康、精力、智力和想象力;(2)社会初始权益,包括自由、权利、权力、机会、收入、财富和尊严的社会基础。分配正义调节的主要是社会初始权益。诺齐克用术语"持有权益"表示在"最弱小国家"概念下个人的天赋持有权益,批评罗尔斯分配正义理论是在为"较强势国家"张目。森和努斯鲍姆则试图用"可行能力"概念取代"初始权益"概念,作为测量社会弱者的指标。人的天赋初始权益是偶然的、不确定的,由个人持有,却不由个人应得。它们要成为分配正义的调整对象,就要转化成社会初始权益。尽管罗尔斯说我们只要知道在较大受益者权益分配将如何影响最少受益者的期望就足够了,但他没有清晰解释这种转移是如何发生的,而诺齐克否定这种转移的可能性。因此,要批评罗尔斯分配正义理论,先要准确理解他的初始权益理论。
[Abstract]:Initial equity is one of the most important terms of political philosophy of Rawls Rawls, in accordance with the initial equity theory, the initial human rights consists of two parts: (1) the initial gift of rights, including health, energy, intelligence and imagination; (2) the initial social interests, social basis including freedom, rights and opportunities, income and wealth and dignity. The main adjustment of the distributive justice is the initial social rights and interests. Nozick used the term "hold interests" said people in the "weakest state" under the concept of talent holds interests, Rawls criticized the theory of distributive justice is in "a strong country". Sen and Baum Nuss is trying to use "capability" concept to replace the "initial rights" concept, as a measure of social weak index. The initial rights of human beings are accidental and uncertain, held by individuals, but not deserved by individuals. They want to be the adjustment object of the distributive justice, and they should be transformed into the initial social rights and interests. Although Rawls said that we only need to know how the distribution of the rights and interests of the larger beneficiaries will affect the expectations of the least beneficiaries is enough, but he did not clearly explain how the transfer took place, and Nozick denied the possibility of such a shift. Therefore, in order to criticize Rawls's theory of distributive justice, it is necessary to understand his theory of initial rights and interests.
【作者单位】：浙江大学公共管理学院政治学系;
【基金】：国家社科基金重点项目“实用主义政治哲学研究”(项目编号:13AZX016)的资助
【分类号】：D08
【正文快照】： 主持人语:作为制度设计,分配正义涉及人们从国家和社会获取的社会权利和经济利益,涉及居民贫富差距和人际收入差别的合理调整。分配正义面临的问题是,在社会经济领域,人们是否应当平等地享有社会权利和经济利益?这样的权利和利益应当扩展到多大的范围?如何保障这些权利和利益?

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