罗默的正义思想研究

发布时间：2018-02-12 09:10

本文关键词： 约翰·罗默分配正义剥削机会平等　出处：《东华大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：约翰·罗默(John E.Romer)是分析马克思主义学派的代表之一,他的正义思想在国际上有相当大的影响力。由于罗默是一位政治学者同时也是一位经济学家,所以与其他关注分配正义的学者不同。他致力于经济学与政治哲学的融合,正因如此,它的正义理论有着与现实更紧密的联系,有着更强的可操作性。早期,约翰·罗默认为马克思剥削理论的基础已不能说明当代资本主义社会不公,因此他抛弃了劳动价值论,通过微观均衡模型为剥削理论打造了一个新的理论基础一一原初财产分配不均,力图以更广的适用性解释社会不平等的原因。后期他转向了政治哲学,力图为现实的分配政策奠定理论指导原则。国外学者对于罗默学说的研究大多是对于罗默理论的某些学说的回应,是以一种对话探讨的模式进行研究,如对早期的剥削理论,后期的证券社会主义理论进行评价批判。国内因为并没有介入国外政治哲学的争论,缺乏对于国外对话的语境的了解,所以对于罗默的研究多是以翻译介绍为主,并且多是在分析马克思主义的框架中去介绍罗默的理论。本文力图不只是横向介绍罗默的理论,而是先考察罗默学说形成的理论背景与现实背景,罗默的理论无疑是建立在西方经济学对于马克思主义经济学的判断与西方政治哲学家关于分配正义的争论之上的。只有了解了罗默学说的背景再介绍罗默的理论,我们才能看到罗默潜在的思想逻辑。当我们分析了罗默的思想逻辑,关于罗默会得出与马克思不同的正义思想的原因也将会展现在我们面前。单纯地否定罗默与马克思的不同没有意义,批判地看待罗默不同于马克思的思想逻辑才将给予我们关于当代分配收入改革的现实性启示。第一章介绍罗默学说形成的背景,分为思想语境与现实背景。其中了解思想语境极为重要。如果不了解思想语境,将会觉得罗默的某些重要论断,如对劳动价值论的论断过于草率。甚至还会对罗默的某些术语产生误解,如“机会平等”、“自我所有制’’等,这些术语都诞生于罗默之前的分配正义学说,有独特的思想内涵,不能单纯从字面上理解。了解罗默学说形成的现实背景可以让我们明白罗默的学说适用于当代的哪些情况,比如苏联不存在了,但是社会主义剥削存在的土壤是否还存在值得我们注意第二章介绍罗默的正义思想,包括前期的剥削理论与后期的机会平等。对于剥削理论,本文着重介绍罗默的几个模型,罗默认为用微观均衡模型有更强的说服力,认清罗默与马克思不同的出发点将有益于对罗默的逻辑路径的考察。机会平等理论是为了克服原初财产分配不均所造成的社会不会平等的指导原则,对于我国收入分配改革有直接的现实启示。至于罗默后期的证券社会主义等学说本文没有提及,因为这些具体措施是罗默思想逻辑在西方背景下的空想,而本文着重罗默的正义思想本身。第三章结合前两章的内容用马克思的视角批判得分析罗默的思想,找出他与马克思产生不同结论的原因,本文用了两个角度考察,一个是对马克思的历史方法与罗默的分析模型方法进行考察。另一个分别从经济学与政治哲学的视角对其进行考察。最后一章探讨一下罗默学说对当前我国改革的现实启示。
[Abstract]:John Romer (John E.Romer) is one of the representatives of Marx School of thought, his idea of justice has considerable influence in the world. The Romer is a political scholar at the same time an economist, so different with other scholars who concern distributive justice. He is committed to the integration of economics and political philosophy, because of this. His theory of justice has a closer contact with reality and has a stronger operability. Early, John Romer believes that the exploitation theory of Marx has been unable to explain the contemporary capitalist social injustice, so he abandoned the labor theory of value, through the micro equilibrium model for exploitation theory to build a new theoretical foundation to the original uneven distribution of property, tries to explain the cause of social inequality in a wider scope of application. Later he turned to political philosophy, trying to lay the real distribution policy On the guiding principles.
Foreign scholars mostly for some theory Romer theory for the study of the response of Romer's theory, is explored in a dialogue model, such as the exploitation of early theory, critical theory of socialism was evaluated later. Because domestic securities is not involved in foreign political and philosophical debate, for lack of foreign dialogue in the context of understanding, so the research of Romer is based on the translation introduces, and is analyzed in the framework of the Marx doctrine to introduce Romer's theory.
This paper not only introduces the transverse Romer's theory, but first examines the theoretical background of Romer theory formation and background of Romer's theory is based on western economics for the judgment of Marx economics and Western political philosopher on distributive justice argument. Only by understanding the background and then introduce Romer's theory Romer's theory, we can see the potential of Romer thought logic. When we analyzed the logic of Romer and Romer will draw about different ideas of justice from Marx also will show in front of us. The simple negation of Romer and Marx have different significance, critical view of Romer thought logic is different from Marx's, will give us enlightenment on our income distribution reform.
The first chapter introduces the background of Romer's theory formation, divided into the ideological context and realistic background. The understanding of ideological context is very important. If you do not understand the ideological context, will feel some important judgment Romer, such as the theory of labor value judgment is too hasty. Even some terms also to Romer's misunderstanding, such as "equality of opportunity", "self ownership", these terms are silent before the birth of Yu Luo justice theory, a unique ideological content, not only from literal understanding. Understanding the realistic background of Romer's theory which can let us understand the Romer theory which applies to the contemporary, such as the Soviet Union does not exist however, the exploitation of soil socialism if there is worthy of our attention.
The second chapter introduce Romer's justice thought, including the theory of exploitation and equal opportunities. In the early stage of exploitation theory, this paper introduces several models of Romer and Romer argues that the microcosmic equilibrium model is more convincing, Romer and Marx examined it in different starting point will be beneficial to the logical path of Romer the theory is to guide the principle of equal opportunities to overcome the original property caused by the uneven distribution of society is not equal, have realistic significance for the reform of income distribution in China. Romer's theory of socialist securities this paper do not mention, because these measures are Utopian Romer logic in the context of Western thought in this paper, and the idea of justice Roemer itself.
The third chapter combines the first two chapters analyze the Romer thought by Marx from the perspective of criticism, to find out why he and Marx get different conclusion, this paper studied by two aspects, one is analyzing the model method of historical method of Marx and Romer. Another from the from the perspective of economics and political philosophy.
The last chapter discusses the realistic enlightenment of Romer's theory to the current reform of our country.

【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D091

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