梁漱溟国家思想探析

发布时间：2018-03-09 07:54

本文选题：梁漱溟　切入点：国家　出处：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：梁漱溟先生好学深思,思想深刻,不肯苟同于人,同时具有中间性的性情、令人敬畏的风度和强烈的道德使命感,是近代学术史和政治史上的双重重要人物,因此,研究他的思想具有一定意义。目前梁漱溟思想研究的成就表现为以下几点,一是其思想受到一定程度的重视,对其研究或评论的人较多；二是研究时间跨度较长,始终与近现代中国走向问题的讨论伴随：三是研究内容全面、视角丰富,并正向精细化和深刻性方向发展。在分析以往研究的基础上,此文将梁漱溟国家思想确定为研究对象,并确定了研究思路和研究方法。在此基础上,此文从梁漱溟思想的原始材料中,寻找和提炼出了梁漱溟国家思想的原始材料,并对其进行了分类和分析,从而对梁漱溟国家思想进行了系统化、理论化把握,并在此基础上对其内涵进行了阐明和论述,并结合现实对其对中国国家形态思想的价值进行了探讨。就具体内容而言,此文把梁漱溟国家思想分为国家的内涵、中国传统国家特质、近代国家分析、国家建设思想四个方面,并分别详细论述了各个方面的内涵,其中在第二部分从维持秩序的工具,阶级统治之一种,团体之一种,文化之一部分四个方面详细论述了梁漱溟国家思想中对国家内涵的认识；在第三部分从中国国家缺乏阶级、国家统治软弱、国家不象团体、国家意识缺乏四个方面详细论述了其国家思想中对传统中国国家特质的认识；在第四部分从国家没有阶级、国家没有秩序、国家权力软弱、国家文化失调四个方面详细论述了其国家思想中的近代中国国家问题分析；在第五部分从乡村建设思想、抗战建国思想、西方近代道路批判和俄共革命道路批判四个方面详细论述了其国家思想中的国家建设思想,最后此文在第六部分探讨了梁漱溟国家思想的对中国国家形态思想的价值,其中其启示包括阶级缺乏视角、中国本位观念、经验主义意识和开放思维方式等四部分内容,其教训包括权利意识缺乏、民主程序缺乏、道德政治不分和国家权力依附等四部分内容。在借鉴以往研究成果基础上,此文的创新之处可以归纳为以下四点,第一,在研究题目上,以往把“梁漱溟国家思想”作为研究题目的期刊和毕业论文几乎没有,此文把“梁漱溟国家思想”作为研究题目,在全面理解梁漱溟思想的基础上,试图从国家视角对梁漱溟政治思想进行读解和破译,选择梁政治思想中关于国家的论述并给予专门分析,以其国家思想为主线重组了梁漱溟政治思想的主要观点,这有助于提供新的阅读、理解和分析梁漱溟政治思想的路径,有助于开拓梁政治思想研究的“梁漱溟国家思想”视角,因为梁漱溟思想研究已经有了较多的成果,所以新颖的研究题目和研究领域也是此文得以成立的关键。第二,在研究内容上,梁漱溟对其国家思想没有系统表述,其对国家思想的论述分散于他对其他问题的论述中,很多论述重复、没有条理,前后不完全一致,此文对梁漱溟国家思想进行了系统化、理论化的理解和论述。第三,在研究视角上,此文从本质上将梁漱溟的个人背景归纳为精神特质和性情气质两个方面,并从两个方面初步浅略地探讨了其对中国国家形态思想的启示和教训,一方面是其对中国国家形态思想的特性的启示和教训,另一方面,是其对中国国家形态思想具体内容的启示和教训。第四,在理论和材料应用上,针对梁漱溟思想研究理论中应用仍然不充分的现象,此文运用政治学一些观点和概念对其意义进行了探讨,如权利概念、经验主义概念等,并运用了法学领域的程序正义概念,同时,此文还运用了很多以前梁漱溟思想研究没有或很少使用的材料,如他对自己精神特质的分析、对乡村建设运动失败原因的分析、阶级的观点等等,并对部分材料的意义进行了一定程度的挖掘。
[Abstract]:Mr. Liang Shuming learned that the thought is profound, refused to agree to the people, also has the temperament, awesome demeanor and strong sense of moral mission, is both important people, modern academic history and political history and therefore has certain significance to study his thoughts. The Liang Shuming thought research achievement is shown as the following a few points, one is thought by a certain degree of attention, the research or comments by more people; two is on a longer time span, and modern China to always discuss problems with: three research content is comprehensive, rich and positive perspective, delicate and profound direction. Based on the analysis of previous research on the Liang Shuming national ideology and determined as the research object, and determine the research ideas and research methods. On this basis, this article from the original material of Liang Shuming thought, to find and extract Liang Shuming thought the original material state, and has carried on the classification and analysis, thus the system of Liang Shuming national thought, theoretical grasp, and on the basis of its connotation has been illustrated and discussed, and combined with the reality of the China state thought value were discussed.
Specifically speaking, this article put his thought into the connotation of national countries, Chinese traditional national characteristics, modern state analysis, the four aspects of national construction thought, and discusses the connotation of various aspects, including in the second part from the maintenance of order one kind of tool, the ruling class, one of the four groups. One of the cultural part of the paper discusses the understanding of the connotation of the national ideology in the country of Liang Shuming; in the third part from the Chinese countries lack national ruling class, weak countries like national groups, the lack of awareness of four aspects discusses the understanding of traditional China national characteristics of its national ideology; in the fourth part from the state no class, no country order, state power is weak, the national cultural imbalance in four aspects of modern national thought in its national China; in the fifth part From the theory of rural construction, the founding ideology, modern Western criticism and criticism of Communist revolution road four discusses its national ideology in national construction thought, finally this article in the sixth part of the country on the national China liang thought form of ideological value, which includes the enlightenment class lack of perspective, China standard idea empiricism, consciousness and open mode of thinking of four parts, including the lessons of lack of awareness of rights, the lack of democratic procedures, regardless of political moral and national power dependent in four parts.
In reference to previous research based on the innovation of this paper can be summarized as the following four points. First, the research topic, the "Liang state thought" as the research topic of the journals and thesis almost no, this article regards "Liang national ideology" as a research topic, based on a comprehensive understanding of Liang's theory on reading and trying to decipher the political thought of Liang state perspective, choose the special analysis and give discussion on national beam political thought, the main point of Ideological and political restructuring in the country's ideology as the main line, which helps to provide a new path of reading, understanding and analysis of Liang Shuming's political thoughts, have help to develop political thought on "Liang Liang state thought" perspective, because of Liang Shuming's thoughts have more achievements, so the new research topic and research This is also the key to the establishment. In second, the contents of research, Liang Shuming did not express system to its national ideology, the elaboration of the national ideology dispersed in him on other issues discussed in the paper, a lot of repetition, disorganized, and not entirely consistent. In this paper, Liang Shuming thought systematically. The theory and understanding on the. Third, in the research perspective, this article sums up in essence, Liang Shuming's personal background for the two aspects of spirit and temperament, and from the two aspects of slightly influence on the Chinese national form of enlightenment and lessons, one is the China state thinking of the characteristics of enlightenment and lessons, on the other hand, is the China state thought of the specific content of enlightenment and lessons. In fourth, the theory and application of materials, according to the Liang Shuming thought research in the theory of application Although not fully phenomenon, this paper uses some political views and concepts of its meaning are discussed, such as the concept of rights, empiricism concept, and the field of law procedural justice concept, at the same time, this paper also use a lot of previous studies of Liang Shuming's thoughts of little or no use of materials, such as his own spirit the analysis on the characteristics, analysis the causes of the failure of the rural construction movement, class view, and on the part of the meaning of the materials were excavated to a certain extent.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D03

【参考文献】