论马克思实践自由观的理论建构

发布时间：2018-03-12 12:17

本文选题：马克思　切入点：实践自由观　出处：《沈阳师范大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：人的自由问题,始终是哲学中一个引人深思的问题,这一问题因其具有的开放性和历史性吸引着古今中外的众多学者为之思索探究。时代发展至今,其主旨要求之一就是重视人的存在,关注人的发展以及实现人的解放。我国社会主义制度的本质就是实现人的自身解放和发展,在现阶段党和政府更加注重“以人为本”的社会发展理念,因此,探讨马克思哲学本身的自由观思想,梳理其自由观的理论前提、精神实质以及逻辑建构,不仅有助于领悟马克思自由观的本质内涵,而且对于创建中国当代核心价值体系具有重要的指导意义。马克思实践自由观是在西方思想体系的历史发展中孕育出来的,因此,它既是对西方哲学史上自由观的吸收和继承,同时更是对西方传统自由观的超越和发展。本文力图在西方哲学史整体视域中探讨马克思的自由观的理论维度。从而得出如下结论：西方传统自由观的理论局限性主要是在认识领域,追求的只是形而上的、超验的、本体的理性自由,其实现方式要么是抽象的精神自由,要么是内心的实践理性自由或者体验的审美自由。这种自由性只能回归于内心,无法兑现成现实的自由。马克思将自由从理性的认识领域转向现实的实践领域,将理性的主体性自由转变成为感性活动的主体自由性,将理性认识意义上的自由转为人自由创造的自由,将人认识自然的自由性转变为人改造自然的自由性,将人对自然规律超越的理性自由转变成人对历史规律超越的实践自由。从而,马克思的自由观构建在现实的、实践的以及全体和全面的基础之上,其历史性、阶级性和生成性成为了其自由的本质特征。对于马克思实践自由观深入探讨,有助于为我们重新审视当代西方自由主义问题提供理论资源,在实践中更有利于当今社会价值体系的建构。
[Abstract]:The question of human freedom has always been a thought-provoking problem in philosophy, which, because of its openness and historicity, has attracted many scholars, both ancient and modern, to ponder and explore it. One of its purport requirements is to pay attention to the existence of human beings, to pay attention to the development of human beings and to realize their liberation. The essence of our socialist system is to realize the emancipation and development of human beings. At the present stage, the Party and the government pay more attention to the social development idea of "people-oriented". Therefore, the author discusses Marx's philosophy of freedom, combs its theoretical premise, spiritual essence and logical construction. It is not only helpful to understand the essential connotation of Marx's view of freedom, but also has important guiding significance for the establishment of Chinese contemporary core value system. Marx's view of practical freedom was conceived in the historical development of the western ideological system. Therefore, it is the absorption and inheritance of the concept of freedom in the history of western philosophy. At the same time, it is also the transcendence and development of the western traditional concept of freedom. This paper tries to explore the theoretical dimension of Marx's view of freedom in the whole horizon of the history of western philosophy, and draws the following conclusion: the theoretical limitation of the western traditional view of freedom. Sex is mainly in the field of understanding. The pursuit is only metaphysical, transcendental, and ontological rational freedom, which can be realized either in abstract spiritual freedom, in inner practical rational freedom or in experiencing aesthetic freedom. Marx changed the freedom from the field of rational cognition to the practical field of reality, and transformed the freedom of rational subjectivity into the subject freedom of perceptual activities. The freedom in the sense of rational cognition is transformed into the freedom of man's free creation, and the freedom of man's understanding of nature is transformed into the freedom of man to transform nature. The rational freedom of man to transcend the laws of nature is transformed into the freedom of practice to transcend the law of history. Thus, Marx's view of freedom is based on reality, practice, and on the basis of entirety and comprehensiveness. Class and generative nature have become the essential characteristics of its freedom. An in-depth discussion of Marx's view of practical freedom is helpful to provide theoretical resources for us to re-examine the issue of contemporary western liberalism, and in practice is more conducive to the construction of the social value system today.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D081;A811.6

【引证文献】