卢梭社会契约论中的政治合法性思想研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 23:19

本文选题：卢梭　切入点：自然法　出处：《燕山大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：政治合法性问题是卢梭政治思想中极其重要的问题，对政治合法性问题的研究具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。追寻政治合法性是卢梭社会契约论提出的原因。政治合法性是建立在人民认可基础之上的合理性和正当性。卢梭政治合法性思想的内涵主要包括：具有合法性的权力不同于强力、平等是判断政治是否具有合法性的标准、自由是实现政治合法性的指导思想。社会契约论的形成过程是一种政治合法性的逻辑推演过程。自然法是社会契约论的逻辑起点，，社会契约论是自然法的理论延伸，社会契约论奠定了政治合法性思想的理论基础。本文认为，卢梭的公意和人民主权思想是他建构政治合法性理论的两个基石。公意是着眼于公共利益之上的人们共同的意志，是全体人民共同参加的为实现公共利益所得的结果，公意奠定了政治合法性的基础主要体现在利益的满足、合法律性、有效性和合道义性四个方面。人民主权是公意的运用，是不可转让、不可分割的。国家主权应当属于人民并且为人民的“公意”所指导。人民主权的获得主要体现在法律的制定、政府官吏的任命即公共事务的表决上。政治合法性实现的必要性就在于人民掌握权力。卢梭政治合法性思想具有重要的历史价值。卢梭的民主、自由、平等思想猛烈地抨击了封建专制主义，对法国18世纪的社会思想、1789年的法国资产阶级大革命及现代政治合法性理论的发展都产生了深远的影响。公意和人民主权思想是政治合法性形成的基础，因此，我们应坚持主权在民原则，尊重公意，争取最广大人们群众的政治认同，以此建构我国政府政治合法性的坚实基础。
[Abstract]:The issue of political legitimacy is an extremely important issue in Rousseau's political thought, and the study of political legitimacy has important theoretical and practical significance.Seeking political legitimacy is the reason of Rousseau's theory of social contract.Political legitimacy is the rationality and legitimacy based on the people's approval.The connotation of Rousseau's thought of political legitimacy mainly includes: the power with legitimacy is different from power, equality is the criterion to judge whether politics has legitimacy or not, and freedom is the guiding ideology to realize political legitimacy.The forming process of social contract theory is a logical deduction process of political legitimacy.Natural law is the logical starting point of the theory of social contract, the theory of social contract is the extension of the theory of natural law, and the theory of social contract has laid the theoretical foundation of the thought of political legitimacy.This paper holds that Rousseau's general will and people's sovereignty are the two cornerstones of his theory of political legitimacy.Public will is the common will of people who focus on the public interest. It is the result of the common participation of all the people in order to realize the public interest. The foundation of the political legitimacy of the common will is mainly reflected in the satisfaction of the interests and the conformity of the law.There are four aspects of effectiveness and morality.People's sovereignty is the use of public will, is not transferable, indivisible.State sovereignty should belong to the people and be guided by the common will of the people.The acquisition of people's sovereignty is mainly reflected in the making of laws and the appointment of government officials, that is, the voting of public affairs.The necessity of realizing political legitimacy lies in the power of the people.Rousseau's thought of political legitimacy has important historical value.Rousseau's thought of democracy, freedom and equality lashed out at feudal autocracy and had a profound impact on the French social ideology in the 18th century, the French bourgeois Revolution in 1789 and the development of the theory of modern political legitimacy.Therefore, we should adhere to the principle of sovereignty in the people, respect the common will, and strive for the political identity of the vast majority of people so as to construct the solid foundation of the political legitimacy of our government.
【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D091.4

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