人民同意与人民主权——西方近代以来两种民主理论传统的区别、困境与误读

发布时间：2018-04-13 03:05

本文选题：人民同意 + 人民主权　；参考：《政治学研究》2017年05期

【摘要】：西方近代以来有两种民主理论传统,一是民主主义传统,二是自由主义传统。前者的基本原则是人民主权原则,后者的基本原则是人民同意原则。学界对这两种原则存在诸多误解,如把人民主权理解为自由主义的民主原则,或者把人民主权原则与人民同意原则混淆在一起,或者把人民主权原则理解为西方政治的现实等。实际上,这两种原则存在明显的区别,前者体现的是统治的民主,即人民直接掌握立法权,后者体现的是被统治的民主,即最高权力掌握在代议机构手中。二者在实践中都存在诸多困境,其中人民主权的困境使其在西方政治中还无法成为现实,但其中的合理因素即公民对法律和公共政策制定的参与,仍可能具有克服自由主义民主弊端的潜力。当代兴起的协商民主理论在一定程度上继承了民主主义的民主传统。
[Abstract]:There are two kinds of democratic theory tradition in the western modern times, one is democratic tradition, the other is liberalism tradition.The former's basic principle is the people's sovereignty principle, the latter's basic principle is the people's consent principle.There are many misunderstandings about these two principles, such as understanding the people's sovereignty as the democratic principle of liberalism, confusing the principle of people's sovereignty with the principle of people's consent, or understanding the principle of people's sovereignty as the reality of western politics, etc.In fact, there is a clear difference between the two principles. The former embodies the ruling democracy, that is, the people directly control the legislative power, and the latter embodies the ruled democracy, that is, the supreme power is held in the hands of representative institutions.There are many difficulties in practice, among which the people's sovereignty makes it impossible to become a reality in western politics, but the reasonable factor is the citizen's participation in the law and public policy.It may still have the potential to overcome the ills of liberal democracy.The contemporary theory of deliberative democracy inherits the democratic tradition to a certain extent.
【作者单位】：天津师范大学政治文明与政治文化建设研究院;天津师范大学政治与行政学院;
【基金】：中国特色社会主义理论体系研究中心重大项目“中国特色社会主义协商民主研究”的研究成果
【分类号】：D082

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