二十世纪共和主义的先声——阿伦特公民美德思想研究

发布时间：2018-04-23 12:26

本文选题：汉娜·阿伦特 + 公民美德　；参考：《上海师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 作为二十世纪最伟大的、最具原创性的政治哲学家之一,汉娜·阿伦特对二十世纪共和主义的重振和复兴有着先导性的作用,对公民政治议题在当下,即极权主义冲击下的后极权主义时代的今天的重新崛起有着不可磨灭的作用。在当前西方的自由主义与社群主义由对立走向融合之际,共和主义的许多思想还有研究和发掘的空间,公民美德问题就是如此。阿伦特是站在自古希腊时代以来诸多政治思想家,特别是以亚里士多德、西塞罗、马基雅维利、孟德斯鸠、托克维尔等共和主义色彩浓厚的政治思想家肩上来研究公民美德问题的。所以本文花比较多的笔墨罗列与梳理这些政治思想家对公民美德问题的论述。在极权主义肆虐的黑暗时代,阿伦特从哲学的殿堂里走出来,走向公共领域,亲身体验共和主义式微、公共领域崩溃、公民美德与公民行动等荡然无存的险境,并针对现实政治问题,提出了自己独到的见解,这些对共和主义在二十世纪中后期的复兴提供了充分的养料与启示。后来又结合古希腊的政治经验对公共领域理论做了比较全面和深刻的整理,而她在进行公共领域理论阐述之时,丝毫未脱离公民美德、公民行动等议题的关联性,因为正如本文所分析的那样,阿伦特的诸多政治概念是具有高度相关性,并且都是以公共领域为基础的。阿伦特坚决反对对政治概念的统一化的理解与规范,因为她的政治概念,包括公民美德在内都是无法预设与规定的。本文通过对阿伦特相关著作和理论的比较系统和全面的梳理与分析,最终归纳为：进入并维护公共领域的勇气,追求卓越和不朽的言辞与行动的彰显,以良知为基础的积极思考与判断等一致构成了阿伦特理想的公民美德的内容。阿伦特的公民美德思想不仅仅在于复兴了共和主义德性话语,而且可以在一定程度上克服当今主流意识形态对共和主义的集体主义性质的质疑。因而,在这个意义上,阿伦特的公民美德思想至今仍具有很强的现实性与前瞻性。
[Abstract]:As one of the greatest and most original political philosophers of the twentieth century, Hannah Arendt played a leading role in reviving and reviving republicanism in the twentieth century. That is, the post-totalitarian era under the impact of totalitarianism today's re-emergence has an indelible role. At present, when liberalism and communitarianism in the West change from opposition to integration, there is still room for research and exploration in many ideas of republicanism, such as the question of civic virtue. Arendt is a lot of political thinkers since ancient Greece, especially Aristotle, Cicero, Machiavelli, Montesquieu. Tocqueville and other Republican political thinkers on the shoulders to study the issue of civic virtue. Therefore, this paper spend more pen and ink list and comb these political thinkers on the issue of civil virtue. In the dark age of totalitarianism, Arendt stepped out of the halls of philosophy and went into the public sphere, experiencing firsthand the downfall of republicanism, the collapse of the public sphere, the absence of civic virtue and civil action, and so on. Aiming at the realistic political problems, the author puts forward his own unique opinions, which provide sufficient nourishment and enlightenment for the republicanism in the middle and late 20th century. Later, in combination with the political experience of ancient Greece, she made a relatively comprehensive and profound arrangement of the theory of the public sphere, and when she carried out the elaboration of the theory of the public sphere, she was not in any way divorced from the relevance of issues such as civic virtue, civil action, and so on. Because, as this paper analyses, many of Arendt's political concepts are highly relevant and are based on the public domain. Arendt firmly opposed to the unified understanding and norms of political concepts, because her political concepts, including civil virtue, can not be presupposed and regulated. Through a systematic and comprehensive analysis of Arendt's works and theories, this paper concludes that the courage to enter and maintain the public sphere, the pursuit of excellence and immortality of words and deeds, Positive thinking and judgment based on conscience form the content of Arendt's ideal civic virtue. Arendt's thought of civic virtue lies not only in reviving the moral discourse of republicanism, but also in overcoming the doubt of the collectivism of republicanism in the mainstream ideology. Therefore, in this sense, Arendt's thought of civic virtue is still very realistic and forward-looking.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D095

【引证文献】