老子的生态政治理念及其现代价值

发布时间：2018-05-05 13:09

本文选题：老子 + 生态政治　；参考：《湖北大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着环境污染、气候异常、资源枯竭等生态问题的日益突出,生态危机已使人类自身面临着前所未有的生存挑战。在中国先秦道家思想中,老子以其独特的视角思考“天人”关系,提出了“道法自然”、“天人合一”、“知足不辱”、“无为”等朴素而颇具启发意义的生态政治思想,是人们反思和解决人类生态问题的重要文化资源,对我们今天的环境保护、可持续发展和构建和谐社会有着重要的借鉴意义。本文首先从人与自然的和谐、人与社会的和谐两个方面来分析阐述老子的生态政治理念：在人与自然的和谐方面,老子倡导“万物并齐”、“天人合一”,所以我们要做到顺应自然,按照自然规律行事,保持生态平衡；在人与社会和谐方面,政府要做到“清静无为”、“以正治国”,个人要做到“见素抱朴”、“少私寡欲”以修身养性。其次,将老子的生态智慧分别与儒家的生态观和西方的生态政治理论做比较：与儒家推崇“知天命而用之”和“人定胜天”的入世思想不同,老子是一种高度重视自然的力量和作用,否定人是自然的主人和支配者,强调人的自然化,希望人们无为而与自然合一的出世思想；与西方的生态政治理论相比,老子的生态政治理念更加具有伦理色彩,不但重视人与自然、人与人关系的和谐,还关注人自身的和谐。与西方社会控制生产、减少污染不同,老子告诫人们要知足止欲。通过对比,点明老子“道法自然”的生态智慧观具有更广的内涵和普世意义。最后,从三个方面揭示老子生态政治思想的现代价值：有利于我国践行科学发展观,构建社会主义和谐社会；为世界各国走可持续发展道路提供借鉴；有利于我们每个人的养生、修身和处世。总而言之,老子思想中所蕴含的丰富的生态政治理念,为我们人类走向和谐带来了新的希望。老子之道作为一种理想的境界,既是人的精神生活与自然万物所需要达到的理想状态,也是人类理性的自我超越与精神状态的自我提升。
[Abstract]:With environmental pollution, abnormal climate, resource depletion and other ecological problems increasingly prominent, ecological crisis has made human beings face unprecedented survival challenges. In the thought of Taoism in the pre-Qin period in China, Laozi thought about the relationship between "Heaven and Man" from his unique angle of view, and put forward some simple and enlightening ecological political thoughts, such as "Taoism and nature", "harmony of nature and man", "contentment without insult", "inaction" and so on. It is an important cultural resource for people to reflect on and solve human ecological problems. It is of great significance for our environmental protection, sustainable development and the construction of a harmonious society. This article first analyzes and expounds Laozi's ecological political idea from two aspects: harmony between man and nature, harmony between man and society: in the aspect of harmony between man and nature, Laozi advocates "all things are United" and "the unity of nature and man". So we have to conform to nature, act in accordance with the laws of nature, and maintain ecological balance; in terms of harmony between people and society, the government should be "quiet and do nothing", "run the country in a positive light," and individuals should be "just and simple." "be less selfish" in order to cultivate one's character. Secondly, the ecological wisdom of Laozi is compared with Confucian ecological view and western ecological political theory. Laozi is a kind of power and function that attaches great importance to nature, denies that man is the master and dominator of nature, emphasizes the naturalization of man, and hopes that people will not do anything and unite with nature. Laozi's concept of ecological politics has more ethical color and not only pays attention to the harmony between man and nature, but also pays attention to the harmony of man himself. Unlike Western society, which controls production and reduces pollution, Laozi warns people to stop their desires. Through comparison, it points out that Laozi's ecological wisdom view of "Taoism and nature" has wider connotation and universal significance. Finally, it reveals the modern value of Laozi's ecological political thought from three aspects: it is helpful for our country to practice the scientific concept of development, to construct the socialist harmonious society, to provide reference for the world countries to follow the road of sustainable development; It is good for each of us to keep fit, to cultivate and to live in the world. In a word, the rich ecological political idea contained in Laozi's thought brings us new hope to move towards harmony. The Tao of Laozi, as an ideal realm, is not only the ideal state of human beings' spiritual life and nature, but also the rational self-transcendence of human beings and the self-improvement of spiritual state.
【学位授予单位】：湖北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D092

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