从天赋人权到人赋人权——康德权利话语的倒转意义与内在困境

发布时间：2018-05-06 15:35

本文选题：康德 + 权利　；参考：《中国人民大学学报》2013年04期

【摘要】：作为现代政治哲学的主要奠基人,康德的权利话语呈现出革命性与局限性的张力结构,这种结构不仅构成黑格尔、马克思力图超越康德而走向现实解放的批判起点,而且构成现代西方政治哲学囿于"人性"的苍蝇瓶却又不断撞击瓶体的逻辑基础。就革命性而言,康德认为天(自然)并不能为人的权利奠基,因为自然是与人的感觉、情欲相通的必然性的代名词,而人的本质却在于理性。理性不仅为自然而且为道德立法,作为自由存在者的人能够按照理性的形式确立起普遍道德法则,从而赋予人自己以权利。就局限性而言,康德的形而上学思维逻辑忽视了权利特别是政治权利的极度复杂性,从而在确立起人的主体地位的同时也将人抽象为无差别的一般理性,最终造成其权利话语无法克服的内在矛盾。
[Abstract]:As the main founder of modern political philosophy, Kant's right discourse presents a revolutionary and limited tension structure, which not only constitutes Hegel, but also Marx tries to transcend Kant and move towards the critical starting point of realistic liberation. Moreover, it constitutes the logical foundation of the fly bottle which is confined to human nature in modern western political philosophy and constantly impinges on the bottle body. As far as revolution is concerned, Kant believes that nature cannot lay the foundation for human rights, for nature is synonymous with human feeling and necessity, while human nature lies in reason. Reason is not only for nature but also for moral legislation. People who are free exist can establish universal moral law according to the form of reason and thus endow themselves with rights. As far as limitation is concerned, Kant's metaphysical thinking logic neglects the extreme complexity of rights, especially political rights, so that he not only establishes the subject status of man, but also abstracts him as a general reason without distinction. Finally, it leads to the inner contradiction which can not be overcome by the discourse of right.
【作者单位】：哈尔滨理工大学马克思主义学院;
【分类号】：B516.31;D0

【共引文献】