莫斯卡代议制度理论研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 13:48

本文选题：代议制度 + 民主　；参考：《辽宁师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文系统地梳理和阐释了莫斯卡的代议制度理论,内容包括代议制度的起源、运作中存在的弊端、改革实施的途径,以及代议制度的衰落与未来的复兴等问题。莫斯卡认为现代代议制度主要产生于现代民主学说,是卢梭提出的民主学说的一个重要贡献,欧洲国家正因为采用了现代代议制度这种政治体制,才实现繁荣并维护了主导地位。然而,民主学说的虚伪性又使得代议制度天然带有缺陷,而且在几百年地运行中出现了诸多弊端,莫斯卡为这些弊端提出了解决的方案,但同时也指出这些解决途径受到民主学说本身地阻碍,也正是民主学说的“最终逻辑意涵”让代议制度逐渐走向全面地衰落,而实行代议制度的欧洲国家也日益走向没落。莫斯卡认为,要挽救国家衰落的首要任务就是实现曾使国家一度兴盛的现代代议制度地复兴。现代代议制度并没有失去大幅改善的余地,目前也没有产生能够建立一种更加可取的政治制度所必需的新观念、新情感和新需要,所以在未来代议制度需要复兴。由于莫斯卡的代议制度理论并不是孤立于他的政治理论体系之外,相反代议制度理论与其它的理论具有非常密切的联系。经过对这些理论之间关系地审慎考察后,可以发现代议制度是现代民主学说的最大贡献,是少数的统治阶级维护稳定不断更新自我的工具,是完善司法防护的重要保障。莫斯卡的代议制度理论与统治阶级理论体系中的其它理论并不矛盾,并且是其它理论的一种实践归宿。莫斯卡的代议制度理论从全新的角度看待代议制度,为更好地研究代议制度理论做出了贡献。莫斯卡现实主义的分析方法,使其理论研究具有一定的深刻性,但这不能掩盖莫斯卡理论中所存在的悲观主义色彩,他不仅极为消极的看待群众的力量,而且又过分地夸大统治阶级的作用,把国家的未来寄托在统治阶级身上,公开为精英统治进行合理辩护,这在某种程度上阻碍了现代民主地发展。
[Abstract]:This paper systematically combs and explains the theory of representative system of Mosca, including the origin of representative system, the malpractice in operation, the way of reform and implementation, the decline of representative system and the revival in the future, and so on. Mosca believed that the modern representative system mainly originated from the modern democratic theory, which was an important contribution of Rousseau's democratic theory. It is precisely because of the adoption of the modern representative system that European countries have adopted the political system of modern representative system. To prosper and maintain a dominant position. However, the hypocrisy of the theory of democracy makes the system of representative government have some defects, and many malpractices have appeared in the course of several hundred years of operation. Mosca has put forward a solution to these problems. But at the same time, it is pointed out that these solutions are hindered by the democratic theory itself, and it is the "ultimate logical implication" of the democratic doctrine that makes the representative system gradually decline in an all-round way, and the European countries that implement the representative system are also increasingly declining. Mosca believes that the first task to save the country's decline is to revive the modern representative system that once flourished. The modern representative system has not lost much room for improvement, nor has it produced the new ideas, new feelings and new needs necessary to establish a more desirable political system, so in the future the representative system needs to be revived. Because Mosca's representative system theory is not isolated from his political theory system, on the contrary, representative system theory has very close relation with other theories. After careful investigation of the relationship between these theories, it can be found that representative system is the greatest contribution of modern democratic theory, a tool for a few ruling classes to maintain stability and renew themselves constantly, and an important guarantee for perfecting judicial protection. Mosca's theory of representative system is not contradictory with other theories in the system of ruling class theory, and it is a kind of practical end-result of other theories. Mosca's representative system theory views representative system from a new angle and contributes to better study of representative system theory. Mosca's realistic analysis method makes his theoretical research profound, but it can not conceal the pessimism in Mosca's theory. He not only views the power of the masses extremely passively. Moreover, the role of the ruling class is exaggerated, the future of the country is placed on the ruling class, and the elite rule is justified openly, which to some extent hinders the development of modern democracy.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D091

【参考文献】