托克维尔的孤独——托克维尔论大众时代的个体性危机

发布时间：2018-05-10 21:30

本文选题：托克维尔 + 民主　；参考：《西南政法大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本文将致力于对托克维尔关于民主社会中大众与个人关系的思想进行梳理。托克维尔思想的体系庞杂,可谓对民主时代与社会的全景式描述和预测,因而随着时代的推移,不同时期的主流思想学派往往都能在托克维尔思想中找到相关的印证,从而使得托克维尔研究产生了所谓的“面相”的问题。本文并未对托克维尔进行全景式的考察,而挑选了在目前的托克维尔研究中较少涉及的领域,即民主社会中的个人如何在大众时代中自处。托克维尔曾经自述帕斯卡、孟德斯鸠和卢梭是对他影响最大的三位思想家,而卢梭与托克维尔之间的思想渊源在当下的托克维尔研究中并未得到足够的重视,本文将对此进行简单的尝试。本文的论证结构如下: 导言部分论述研究托克维尔的意义所在,并对现有研究托克维尔的文献进行了简要综述,同时指出本文的主要关注点和创新之处。第一章以托克维尔思想的主线——民主着手,分析了托克维尔对“民主”概念的不同定义以及对民主时代必然到来的判断,以及由此所涉及的民主时代的复杂性。第二章以《论美国的民主》为主,总结了托克维尔对于民主时代所面临的危机和挑战提出的解危之道:政治自由和宗教传统。第三章通过勒庞和欧克肖特对大众的研究揭示了大众时代的典型特征,大众对个人的压制是托克维尔的忧虑所在,此时托克维尔转向了卢梭,从晚年卢梭那里寻找到了个体性危机的应对之道——孤独。
[Abstract]:This article will focus on Tocqueville's thoughts on the relationship between the masses and the individual in a democratic society. The system of Tocqueville's thought is so complicated that it can be described and predicted in a panoramic way in the era of democracy and society. Therefore, with the passage of time, the mainstream schools of thought in different periods can often find relevant proofs in Tocqueville's thoughts. Thus, Tocqueville's study produced the so-called "face" problem. This paper does not make a panoramic study of Tocqueville, but selects the field less involved in the present study of Tocqueville, that is, how the individual in the democratic society finds himself in the mass era. Tocqueville once said that Pascal, Montesquieu and Rousseau were the three thinkers who had the greatest influence on him, but the origin of Rousseau and Tocqueville did not receive enough attention in the current study of Tocqueville. This article will make a simple attempt on this. The structure of the argument is as follows: In the introduction part, the significance of studying Tocqueville is discussed, and the literature of existing research on Tocqueville is briefly summarized. At the same time, the main concerns and innovations of this paper are pointed out. The first chapter begins with the main line of Tocqueville's thought, democracy, and analyzes the different definitions of "democracy" and its judgment on the inevitable coming of the democratic age, and the complexity of the democratic era involved therefrom. The second chapter focuses on Democracy in the United States and summarizes Tocqueville's solution to the crisis and challenge in the democratic era: political freedom and religious tradition. The third chapter reveals the typical characteristics of the popular age through the study of the masses by Le Pen and Oakchott. The suppression of the individual by the public is Tocqueville's worry, and Tocqueville turns to Rousseau. From his later years, Rousseau found a way to deal with the individual crisis-loneliness.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D09

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